The heat transfer course is one of the professional basic courses in the subject of building environment and energy application engineering specialty. With the promotion of emerging engineering education, the heat transfer course will undertake the task of training innovative talents, which are consistent with the current undergraduate scientific innovation ability training system. In the teaching process of heat transfer course in Nanjing Tech University, the "five-question introspect report" system is introduced to encourage students to apply their knowledge to undergraduate scientific innovation training programs. Meanwhile, the cases in the former challenging cups and "internet plus" innovation and entrepreneurship competition are introduced to explain the basic principles of heat transfer, as well as the discussion on scientific innovation projects. This practice provides a reference for the improvement of teaching quality in heat transfer course and the cultivation of innovative ability of undergraduate students in this subject.