The improvement of scientific research quality is an important goal of postgraduate cultivation in universities. With the development of information technology, postgraduate education has been deeply integrated with big data, massive scientific data has gradually become a basic tool and information source for scientific research. How to promote the development of education under the wave of big data, steadily improve students' data literacy and scientific research quality, and master the challenges of the fourth paradigm has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper focuses on the analysis of the changes in the learning methods and scientific research methods of college students in the era of big data. It specifically studies the huge impact of big data on the cultivation of graduate students' scientific research quality from the aspects of teaching mode and scientific research methods. It also analyzes the impact of diversified data on such issues as intellectual property rights and scientific research ethics. In view of the peculiarity of big data application in the field of education, this paper puts forward suggestions for the cultivation of graduate students' scientific research quality.