This paper aims at the construction of the knowledge system of engineering discipline, taking the development of engineering graduation design as the starting point, based on the analysis of the curriculum composition of architectural environment and energy application engineering, combined with the investigation of students’ mastery and application of the knowledge system in the graduation design and its reasons and effects. This paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in the current engineering curriculum teaching, points out the teaching problems of incomplete curriculum coverage, imperfect student knowledge system and lack of engineering application under the current credit demand model, and the problems of incomplete grasp, systematic insufficiency, and the need to learn again arising from the graduation design link. Based on the development requirements of emerging engineering, it is proposed that the discipline foundation and professional knowledge suitable for the current national economic and social development should be rearranged, improved and updated in the education and training of engineering professionals. It is necessary to combine the teaching mode and learning needs, build a curriculum system suitable for different development directions, and expand the coverage of professional knowledge. It is necessary to further combine the characteristics of talent differentiation training in colleges and universities, face the needs and improve the requirements of curriculum setting and the level of education and teaching. Constructing the teaching system from three levels of knowledge system, curriculum system and talent training.