The reform of entrepreneurship and innovation talent training mode is the realistic demand of the implementation of national talent strategy. However, there are still many difficulties in the practice of talent training, such as the separation of training courses from the professional curriculum system, the unicity of the subjects of education, insufficient practical resources, and the lack of integration between in-class and out-of-class teaching. Taking the undergraduate education of architecture as a case, we integrate the engineering education concept of conceive–design–implement–operate (CDIO) into the teaching practice and explore the cultivation path of entrepreneurship and innovation talents. On the basis of clarifying the goals and vision of talent cultivation, we propose a modular curriculum system of "professional design + entrepreneurship and innovation training + discipline competition + social practice" which closely combines the design of the curriculum with the actual project of teachers, to realize the improvement of "thinking and consciousness cultivation + market cognition + professional skills + comprehensive quality" of the students. In the organization of the teaching process, we propose a learning task system of "innovative thinking and consciousness training–market and event cognition–field research–team counseling", an experiential teaching context combining interactive virtual simulation and real project experience, and a competition-oriented teaching methods to achieve the innovation of teaching methods and teaching ideas. Finally, we conclude that a multi-collaboration support system should be built to ensure the sustainability of the training mode, such as building a collaboration base with local government and enterprises to provide students with an operable project platform and a positive innovation environment, introducing enterprise mentors and industry pioneers into the system to build a comprehensive joint teaching team, and establishing cross-disciplinary project groups to incubate high-level projects.