助教制度起源于19世纪末的美国哈佛大学。实践和研究表明，助教在高校教学中发挥了重要的作用。在我国，助教制度长期以来秉持“助困”“助学”的传统定位，助教能力培养意识不强，影响了助教活动的实效性。美国俄亥俄州立大学工程教育系在工科新生计划中推行由本科生和研究生共同组成的助教团队模式，建立了全方位、贯穿式的以能力培养为导向的助教制度。通过分析其助教团队模式的特点和经验，得出对完善我国研究生助教制度的六点启示：加强助教制度认识，完善助教制度顶层设计；规范助教组织体系，明确职责加强管理；明确选聘标准和流程，严把助教入口关；开展多种形式培训，丰富助教工作内涵；完善监督考核体系，细化目标综合评价；提升助教薪酬福利，吸引更多优秀学生。

The teaching assistant system originated from Harvard University in the late 19th century. Practice and research have shown that teaching assistants play an important role in college teaching. Under the influence of China’s teaching assistant system, which aimed at helping the impoverished and helping the needy students for a long time, the graduate teaching assistant system has the problem of insufficient integration of the ability cultivation consciousness in the practice, which affects the efficiency of teaching assistant activities. Ohio State University has innovatively implemented all-round penetrating and capability-oriented teaching assistant team model composed of undergraduates and graduates in the first-year engineering program. Through the analysis of the characteristics and experience of the teaching assistant team model in OSU, this paper puts forward six enlightenments to the teaching assistant system of graduate students in China, including strengthening the understanding of teaching assistant system and improving the top-level design of teaching assistant system; making the teaching assistant organization system standard and clarifying responsibilities to strengthen management; designing selection criteria and procedures to make teaching assistant entrance strict; carrying out various forms of training to enrich the connotation of teaching assistants; improving the supervision and assessment system and refining the target comprehensive evaluation; increasing the pay and benefits of teaching assistants to attract more outstanding students.

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教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“数字媒介场域下知识流动与大学生学习范式转型互惠关系模式探究”（20JYC880073）