The National Excellence Plan helps attract outstanding talents to teach， and provides a group of excellent teachers with profound educational sentiments，outstanding professional qualities， and solid teaching skills for primary and secondary schools.It opens up a new situation for the goal of building an education power by 2035 and plays an important guiding role in the construction of China’s primary and secondary school teacher team.The National Excellence Plan responds to the current difficulties in lack of high-quality teachers with both academic and pedagogical qualities， insufficient professional competence of science teachers，and structural imbalance between supply and demand of science teachers in China. It also faces challenges such as whether there are multiple guarantees for graduate students， how high-level universities and normal universities perform their respective duties in joint training，and whether pilot universities can implement selection criteria.In the future implementation， it is necessary to summarize existing experience，timely track implementation results，and strengthen academic research support.