The close integration of architecture and structural engineering is an excellent tradition of architecture education in German-speaking areas. Since the Second World War, a systematic teaching system of structure for architecture students has been gradually formed. Taking the inheritance relationship of teaching scholars as a clue, this paper combs the three stages of the development of structure teaching within architecture education in contemporary German-speaking universities—the specialized exploration stage, the diversified development stage and the digital transformation stage, and summarizes its teaching theory system. It aims to provide experience and reference for the establishment and improvement of structure teaching system within architecture education in China.