In recent years, the transformation from urban and rural planning to territorial spatial planning has put forward reform requirements for planning curriculum in universities. Among all the courses, data analysis is an instrumental course that supports various research on territorial spatial planning. Its current teaching mode can no longer meet the knowledge needs. By sorting out the course’s main problems, this article proposes that the teaching of the course should be transferred from imparting sparse knowledge to imparting students’ knowledge building modules, guiding them to build the knowledge framework using these modules, and then promote the transformation from teaching-based education to construction-based teaching. Based on this, teaching reform can be carried out at the level of teaching content, such as systemic construction, theoretical expansion, and dynamic connection. In practice, adopting a variety of specific measures is required, such as combining multiple teaching modes, using information technology, and improvement of students’ participation, so as to meet the new requirements of urban and rural planning teaching during the transition period.