The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and the transformation of China’s economic development mode are in a historic confluence period, which has comprehensively changed the training environment for excellent engineers. In increasingly fierce international competition, excellent engineers have become a key variable affecting the country’s high-level self-reliance in science and technology. In the face of changes and challenges, the construction of an engineer training system for world-class engineers with Chinese characteristics should be accelerated, to cultivate a team of engineers who love the Party and the country, are dedicated, have outstanding technological innovation abilities, and are good at solving complex engineering problems. This paper proposes a school-enterprise joint training model consisting of ideological construction, curriculum system construction, engineering practice and scientific and technological innovation, namely a stepped and integrated “ideology, learning, practice and innovation” training mode, and conducts in-depth research on teaching and practical contents. By deepening industry-education integration and building a school-enterprise cooperation platform, resource combination and allocation optimization are realized, and compound high-quality talents are jointly cultivated in ideological cultivation, curriculum co-construction, engineering innovation and other aspects.