To fully implement the education policy of the Communist Party of China, promote the comprehensive development of new engineering graduate students in terms of morality, intelligence, physical education, aesthetics, and labor, and ensure a systematic improvement in the full-cycle cultivation quality of graduate students, a study on the full-cycle quality evaluation system for the cultivation of new engineering graduate students is conducted. Firstly, two objectives of the system are proposed: to implement the concept of promoting the five aspects of education simultaneously and to achieve full-cycle quality evaluation of cultivation. Next, through extensive research and focusing on the two objectives, five first-level evaluation indicators, eight second-level evaluation indicators, and 34 third-level evaluation indicators are designed. Then, based on the expert ratings of the importance of the 34 third-level indicators, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of each third-level indicator. Finally, a full-cycle quality evaluation system for promoting the five aspects of education simultaneously in the cultivation of new engineering graduate students is constructed, providing a basis for the reform and development of graduate education.