The five categories are the generalization and reflection of the most common dialectical relationship of things， the universal connection and development of the material world are revealed from different viewpoints. They are the important teaching contents of ideological and political course. The dialectical materialism thoughts contained in the bridge inspection and strengthening technology course are excavated and refined. The five categories are introduced in bridge specialty course teaching by some typical examples. It discussed that the teaching mode in which bridge specialty courses combine ideological with political courses and work together. Meanwhile, it promotes the concept innovation and model innovation of engineering education.