The construction of all-weather training spaces, particularly military fitness training gyms, are in urgent demand along with the increase of military training items and intensity. However, few studies and teaching activities have been carried out to explore the functional components and spatial patterns of the buildings that serve military fitness training purposes. The military fitness training gyms share similarities to their civil fitness counterparts on one hand and serve military purposes on the other. It is therefore crucial to identify the goals, contents, and focuses of the architectural design and teaching practices of the military fitness training gyms. In light of the multi-dimensional spatial structures and the special requirements for architectural skills, students should be trained to re-arrange the space multi-dimensionally, master the structural concepts of buildings and model the architectural patterns. Taking the requirements of a particular indoor military fitness training item as an example, this paper analyses the design of the indoor shooting training center, the swimming training center and the comprehensive training center, draw the basic requirements related to the spatial scale and quality, architectural structure, and equipment for military training, define the teaching contents, and summarize teaching experience from practices, thus providing theoretical reference for the architectural design and teaching practices of the military fitness training gyms.