在结构力学课程平面体系几何组成分析的教学过程中，发现学生对本章几个关键概念掌握程度较差，会影响几何组成分析的解题正确率。为提高几何组成分析相关概念的教学效果，基于知识可视化和认知负荷理论，提出利用结合图示的概念性变式教学法对虚铰、铰接三角形和二元体等概念进行讲解的教学方法。在总结以往学生做题错误的基础上，增加这三个概念的非概念变式和概念变式的图示，可降低学生学习概念时的认知负荷、促进形成长时记忆，从而使学生在学习概念的初期就能多角度理解概念的本质特征、辨析概念的内涵和外延。通过调查学习效果表明，结合概念性变式教学法可提高学生对体系基本组成分析重要概念的掌握程度，有助于正确地进行体系几何组成分析。此外，概念性变式还可以培养学生的独立概括概念特征的思维能力。

During the teaching of geometric construction analysis in structural mechanics course, it was found that students did not master several key concepts, which may cause mistakes in problem solving. In order to improve the understanding of new concepts, the conceptual variation originating from pedagogy of variation was adopted in class teaching activities, which is based on the theory of knowledge visualization and cognitive load. According to some mistakes in students’ homework, the graphical representations of essential variation and unessential variation of the concepts, such as virtual hinge, hinged triangle and binary system, were provided to complement the original explanation of the new concepts. Owing to the conceptual variation teaching method, the students’ cognitive load in learning was reduced and the long-term memory was formed more easily. Finally, the teaching effectiveness was investigated, which shown that the conceptual variation method will help the students not only enhance their ability to correctly analyze the geometric construction, but also cultivate their personal perceptual ability.

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长安大学中央高校“双一流”引导专项项目(300104292804)和教育教学改革项目(300106202801)。