随着新工科建设发展，培养工程人才综合思维也得到了风景园林学科教育工作者的广泛关注，探索专业学习与批判性思考深度融合的教学方法成为关键问题。本文以《西方园林史》教学为媒介，突破原有教学中依赖教材的被动式授课教学模式，应用视觉教学方法，引导学生完成问题为导向的阶段性课程任务，进行思维训练与批判性思考。首先，对思维训练的内涵及其影响下的《西方园林史》教学改革目标进行探讨。其次，梳理了《西方园林史》学习的多元视角。接着，阐述了以“视觉”为切入的引导方式在阶段性任务框架中的作用。最后，以意大利台地园兰特庄园作为教学示范案例，说明视觉导向的教学任务在发现问题阶段、背景研究阶段、详细论证阶段、综合结论阶段的具体应用及其呈现方式。综合评析了“视觉”与“问题”引导下的《西方园林史》学习的方法与特点。

With the new engineering continuously being developed and constructed, landscape architecture educators have widely concerned cultivating the comprehensive thinking modes of engineering talents. They have also focused on the key problem of exploring the teaching method that deeply integrates the professional learning and critical thinking. This paper takes the teaching of western garden history as the medium, breaks through the traditional passive teaching mode of mainly relying on teaching materials, and applies visual teaching methods, in order to guide students to complete the problem-oriented curriculum tasks, and execute mental exercises and critical thinking. Firstly, the paper discussed the connotation of mental exercises and under its influence, the teaching reform goals of western garden history. Secondly, it organized the multiple perspectives on western garden history learning. Then, it illustrated the role of "vision" as the starting point in the staged task framework. Finally, it employed the Italian terrace garden Villa Lante as a case, to explain the specific application and presentation of the visual oriented teaching task in the stages of problem discovery, background research, detailed demonstration and comprehensive conclusion. This paper has comprehensively evaluated and analyzed the methods and characteristics of learning the western garden history under the guidance of "vision" and "problem".

华南理工大学本科教研教改项目《基于情境分析视角的西方园林史教学改革研究》(x2jz/Y1180551)