城市规划专业的城市史课程知识点时空跨度广博而条目纷杂，笔者通过教学实践及学生反馈，认识到仅依靠现行教材以编年史为主的教学结构，不足以使学生对古今中外的知识点形成系统性认识、立体地把握城市史的发展脉络、并将历史知识与当下的设计应用相勾连。为解决这些问题，本文提出构建城市史课程的知识体系，参考现行中国建筑史教材中以编年史为经、以建筑功能类型为纬的结构框架，提出在城市史教学中，加入以城市类型为轴的横向框架，对不同时代、不同地域的城市进行分类及比较分析，以形成与编年史主线相交叉的多维知识体系。本文进一步分析了中外经典城市研究中出现的各种城市类型的特征及融入知识体系的适宜形式，包括城市的时代类型、形态类型、地理类型、人口规模类型和职能类型，指出应把各种城市类型根据其各自特征进行整合，形成综合多种分类方法、各取其长的“城市类型知识体系”。根据本文的分析，城市的时代类型是知识体系构建的基础，城市的形态类型及地理类型适宜作为知识体系的主轴，城市的人口规模类型适宜放在课程绪论中，城市的职能类型则适宜与具体的城市实例教学结合。在此分析基础上，本文提出了一种具体的城市史知识体系框架，以城市的时代类型、形态类型、地理类型为三条主轴，并融合人口规模类型和职能类型。笔者将此知识体系框架应用于城市史课程教学实践，取得了初步效果。

The Urban History courses contents a lot of detailed knowledge within a huge spatial and temporal span, so that relying on the chronicle-based structure of the current textbook alone is not enough to enable students to form a systematic knowledge system, grasp the development of urban history deeply, and connect historical knowledge with current design needs. With reference to the knowledge system framework in the current Architectural History courses and textbooks, which takes chronicles and building function types as two axes, this paper proposes to add an axis of city types in the teaching structure of Urban History, classifying and comparing cities in different eras and regions, and forming a multidimensional knowledge system that intersects with the main line of chronicles. This paper than analyzes the characteristics of various city types in important urban studies in China and abroad, as well as the methods of integrating them into the knowledge system. These city types including the types of cities based on time, morphology, geography, population size and function. This paper points out that various city types should be integrated according to their respective characteristics to form a "city type knowledge system" that takes into account the strengths of each. According to the analysis in the paper, the type based on time is the basis of the knowledge system. The type based on morphology and the type based on geography are suitable for the axis of the knowledge system. The type based on population size is suitable for the introduction of the course. And the type of function is suitable to be applied in teaching specific city examples. Based on this analysis, this paper proposes a specific knowledge system framework with the three main axes of city types of times, morphology, and geography, which can be applied to the teaching of Urban History courses.

TU