以“体验-理解-实践”为主线的城市设计教学方法探究
作者单位:

南京工业大学


Research on Urban Design Teaching Method with “Experience – Comprehension – Practice” as the Main Theme
Affiliation:

南京工业大学

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    摘要:

    “基于经验”的传统教学模式日益受到数字化、信息化的挑战,知识媒介的溢出导致了人的认知方式改变。面对这一现实背景,建筑学专业教学必须利用多元媒介各自的特征与优势,对教学方法做出相应的调整。 建筑学设计课程应遵循“感知-思考-行为”的认知规律,让学生“获得感官体验、建立情感连接、借助多元媒介、打通信息壁垒、形成具身认知”,实现感知、认知和表达的连续性和效率最大化。 基于此,作者以建筑学本科四年级城市设计课程为例,从教学目标、教学策略方面明确了“教与学”过程中师生的角色比重调整以及各自任务,对课程的教学计划进行了细化,使“体验、理解、实践”同步推进、相互交织,通过设置具体的工作目标,指导学生在各个阶段选择最合适的切入点和设计工具与方式,将身体经验、书本知识与信息媒介、网络数据整合应用,从多个层面掌握理论知识点和设计方法与技巧,使设计过程演化为“认识-实践-再认识-再实践”循环反馈的工作过程,引导学生更开放、丰富、多元地完成课程设计作业,构建个性化的知识框架,寻找适合自身的设计方法,提升综合设计能力。

    Abstract:

    The traditional teaching mode “based-on-experience” has been challenging by digitalization and information technology revolution, the multiplication of knowledge medium has brought the change of cognitive style as well. Facing the reality, the teaching of architecture major must take use of the characters and advantages of different mediums, make corresponding adoptions of the teaching methods. The architectural design teaching should follow the cognitive law of “perception- reflection-behave”, guide the students get the sensory experience, establish the emotional connection, use the multiple mediums, get through the information barrier, form the embodied cognition, to realize the continuity and max efficiency of the process of perception, cognition and expression. Base on this, the author takes the architectural bachelor’s fourth grade urban design workshop as example, specifies the roles and task of teachers and students during the “teaching-learning” procedure from teaching target and strategy, refines the teaching plan and timetable to promote and integrate the “experience – comprehension – practice”, in order to lead students to choose the most suitable viewpoint and tools in different stages, combining the body experience and book knowledge with information media and internet data, promoting the design process into a circular working process with “cognition – practice – recognition – re-practice”, to accomplish the workshop more openly and multiply, further, to establish personal knowledge framework and to find suitable design methods, and finally improve their comprehensive design ability.

    参考文献
    [1] (1)魏亚丽,张亮.从“基于经验”到“数据驱动”:大数据时代的教学新样态[J].当代教育科学,2022(2):50-56.
    [2] (2)董春雨,薛永红.数据密集型、大数据与“第四范式”[J].自然辩证法研究,2017,33(05):74-80+86.
    [3] (3)周庆华,王一睿.基于感知维度的城市设计思考[J].规划师,2021(16):73-77.
    [4] (4)威廉·威伦,玛格丽特·伊什勒博斯,贾尼丝·哈奇森.有效教学决策[M].李森,译.北京:教育科学出版社,2009:20-22.
    [5] (5)葛明,克里斯蒂安·克雷兹,大卫·莱瑟巴罗等.方法:关于设计教学研究[J].建筑学报,2016(1):1-6.
    [6] (6)宫聪.设计分析性思维的培养与训练——以建筑学专业相关课程教学为例[J].高等建筑教育,2022,31(3):134-141.
    [7] (7)徐开,常征.“从感知到认知,再到操作”的空间教学实践[J].常州工学院学报, 2018(3):92-96.
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-24
  • 最后修改日期:2023-01-29
  • 录用日期:2023-03-07
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