The requirements of bridge construction safety and quality on construction technology are getting higher and higher, and the development of bridge construction needs more technical talents who are engaged in bridge construction. "Bridge construction" is one of the core courses in the bridge engineering direction for undergraduate civil engineering. However, in the teaching process, it is faced with such practical problems as wide coverage of course content, scattered knowledge points, single teaching methods and weak practices, which can easily lead to poor teaching effect and depressing students' enthusiasm in learning professional courses. In view of the corresponding problems, the teaching improvements were discussed on the optimization of the curriculum knowledge system, the introduction and utilization of the construction site multimedia resources, the introduction of the site construction information system and the virtual simulation platform. Finally, the corresponding teaching exploration effect was verified based on the teaching, curriculum design and examination of the "bridge support construction" part of the course. The results show that the students' interest can be stimulated by combing the main knowledge points, highlighting the teaching key points and supplementing the new technology on site. In the offline class, on-site pictures and engineering animation are selected to explain knowledge points, and construction site videos and other information materials are introduced to strengthen key points; preview and review after class through online MOOC platform, with the help of virtual simulation experiment platform practice and course design, effectively improve the teaching effect. The analysis of the achievement degree of the course objectives on the scaffold construction course content indicates that the students have expanded their knowledge and vision with initiative and enthusiasm. The teaching effect has reached the expected goal, and the relevant teaching methods have been verified, which provides a reference for the optimization and improvement of similar courses.