The cultivation of top-notch innovative personnel under the "strengthening basic disciplines program" is an inevitable requirement for high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, an urgent need for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and also an important measure for strengthening the support of socialist construction talents. Based on the strategic background and target requirements of the “Strong Foundation Plan,” this paper investigates the current status and trends in cultivating top-tier innovative talents. It comprehensively analyzes and summarizes the issues pertaining to inadequate connectivity within talent cultivation stages, insufficient cultivation of innovation abilities, and the lack of rationality in interdisciplinary configurations. Aligned with the objective of cultivating top-tier innovative talents, this study actively explores a pioneering talent cultivation model that integrates science and education deeply. Introducing the “2-3-3-4-5” pathway for developing top-tier innovative talents, it combines dual-wheel drive with a “three types of integration” curriculum system, the cultivation of three major abilities, and four stages of scientific research training, all supported by a five-dimensional framework. The aim of this research is to optimize the path for cultivating top-tier innovative talents and ensure the quality of their development..