近几年来，为了争取优质生源，降低专业选择的盲目性，许多高校开始实行大类招生，即院校将相同、相近的学科门类，同院系或者不同院系的专业集中在一起，作为一个大类来招生。在实际实施中，大类招生及后续的专业分流仍存在一些问题值得进一步探讨。本文以几所典型高校的大类招生和专业分流方案进行了对比分析，探讨了大类招生和专业分流模式的优势和弊端，进一步以某高校土木类专业为例，分析了大类招生背景下专业分流前后教育环境和学生成绩变化趋势。本文建议可以通过制定更细致的招生规划、建立更加灵活的专业分流制度、降低入学后转专业的难度和建立公开透明的分流制度等策略深入优化现有大类招生和专业分流方案。

In recent years, many universities have started implementing large-class enrollment in an effort to reduce the blindness of major selection and strive for excellent students. This entails grouping students in major categories who are majoring in the same or similar subject categories, the same department, or majors from different departments together. However, there are still some issues with large-class enrollment and major diversion that merit further discussion. The paper compares and analyzes the large-class enrollment and major diversion schemes of several typical universities, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the large-class enrollment and the major diversion model. Further, taking the civil engineering major at a certain university as an example, it analyzes the trends in the educational environment and student performance before and after major diversion under the large-class enrollment background. The article suggests that by developing more detailed admission plans, establishing more flexible major selection systems, lowering the difficulty of changing majors after admission, and creating open and transparent selection systems, the existing large-class enrollment and the major diversion schemes can be further optimized.

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2022年上海高校青年教师培养资助计划 (No. 10-22-307-804)