The initiation and implementation of the "National Excellent Teacher Training Program" present a new policy opportunity for the construction of a high-quality teacher workforce in China. It has promoted the development of high-quality education, the improvement of teacher education quality, and the optimization of science education, serving as a strong measure to further enhance the teacher education system with Chinese characteristics. Due to its breakthrough and innovation, the practical implementation of the National Excellence Program still faces various challenges regarding the willingness of graduate students to engage in teaching, the dual-degree multi-supervisor model, the status and benefits of teachers trained through customized orders. Therefore, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the National Excellence Program and the cultivation of high-quality science teachers in primary and secondary schools, it is suggested to optimize the policy content by enhancing students" professional identity as teachers, fostering collaborative education among cooperative institutions, and promoting the concept of employing outstanding teachers at educational institutions. These measures will facilitate the steady implementation of the policy, fulfill the policy"s mission of cultivating high-quality teachers, and promote the high-quality development of education in China.