With the promotion of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial renovation, cultivating excellent engineers in the new era with the important responsibility of national rejuvenation has become the top priority of higher education. To realize the high-quality cultivation of postgraduates and doctoral students in civil engineering, three major problems existing in the current cultivation mode of postgraduates and doctoral students in civil engineering were analyzed in this paper, including the disconnection between ideological and political education and professional education, the lag of curriculum system and the superficiality of school-enterprise cooperation. In view of these problems, this paper proposed to construct a specific reform and upgrading path for civil engineering masters and doctors with the integration of ideological and political elements, the reconstruction of the curriculum system and the reform of industry-university integration mechanism as the direction. Moreover, the practical exploration was deeply considered and several suggestions have been put forward regarding the creation of a "seamless course ideological and political education" model, the construction of a new interdisciplinary and integrated curriculum system, and the establishment of a deeply integrated cultivating mechanism between universities and enterprises.