The postgraduate students of Logistics Engineering and Management and Industrial Engineering and Management of the School of Management Science and Real Estate of Chongqing University in the grades of 2022 and 2023 were selected as the research objects. Taking the course of Engineering Economics as a case, the influence of the project-driven teaching method on the improvement of students' learning ability was deeply explored. Through literature review and expert consultation, five key factors were identified: teacher input, student input, expert sharing, project implementation satisfaction, and learning ability, which were further refined into 28 secondary indicators to construct a hypothetical model. A Likert five-point scale questionnaire was designed to analyze the collected data and perform model fitting to verify its validity. The results indicate that factors such as appropriate project design by teachers, active and diligent student participation, and practical project applications by experts have a significant positive impact on students' satisfaction with project implementation, thereby enhancing their learning abilities.