With the deep advancement of educational digitization, human-machine collaboration has become a key driving force for the transformation of higher education, profoundly reshaping the competency structure of college teachers. This paper explores the development of college teachers"" composite competencies from three dimensions: foundational roots, internal logic, and practical paths. At the foundational level, it reviews the evolution of technology-empowered education, the strategy of higher education modernization, and the mechanism of teacher professional growth to clarify the historical foundation of competency transformation. At the logical level, it constructs a three-dimensional framework of "cognition-practice-ethics" to reveal the transformation of teachers"" roles and the value orientation of "technology serving humanity." At the practical path level, it proposes optimization strategies for stratified and classified training systems, resource integration platform mechanisms, and incentive evaluation systems to promote the improvement of teachers"" composite competencies. The study aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical paths for college teachers to address the challenges of digital education and facilitate the high-quality development of higher education.