Scientific and technological innovation stems from talent cultivation, and talent cultivation cannot be separated from curriculum reform. In the face of new demands on scientific and technological innovation posed by the development of new productive forces, China's higher education institutions still face issues such as outdated curriculum concepts, limited curriculum content, weak curriculum implementation, and inadequate curriculum management in their innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum systems. To address these challenges, this study establishes a curriculum system analysis framework: shifting the focus from emphasizing behavioral patterns to emphasizing value shaping; shifting the logical framework from linear logic to non-linear logic; and shifting the mechanism from reliance on a single entity to collaboration among multiple entities. Under theoretical guidance, a model for the higher education innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system is constructed: clarifying the “three-coupling” curriculum objectives to define the curriculum system's positioning; establishing a “three-tiered” curriculum structure to enrich the curriculum system's content; and exploring a “five-integration” curriculum development pathway to implement curriculum system construction. Through systematic reform, a curriculum system adapted to the requirements of new-quality productive forces development is constructed, providing a robust framework for the nation's independent talent cultivation efforts.