Course groups of underground structure in civil engineering of P. R. China and Japan were compared. The comparison covered general course setting, natural science and engineering principal courses, professional foundation, and professional courses. The total study hours (or credits) and the percent of study hours (or credit) for various course groups to the total one were analyzed. Based on the analytical results, we presented drawbacks of the course group of underground structure in P. R. China, and proposed advices and suggestions to improve the education condition of underground structure in P. R. China.