The establishment of the “Central Society” in 1912 marked the formation of Chinese science and technology academia. From then on the central government has set up institutions to effectively manage the academia. In the late 1920’s, the academia sinica attached to the university council of national government had been set up, which was later directly controlled by the national government. Science and technology academia gradually grew stronger. The member of academia sinica stayed in the mainland in 1949 built up the main body of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The conclusion is that as Chinese S&T academia emerged under the guiding of the government, not naturally born from the traditional Chinese culture, scientific research in general requires the help of the government and market forces, and science as a cultural element will be the starting point for building a new culture.