Under the background of the national goal of “double carbon” and the construction of emerging engineering education, the development of building thermal engineering and the cultivation of professionals are becoming increasingly important.Taking the building thermal engineering laboratories in both universities as the examples, this paper compares their differences in experimental facilities, personnel management and operation regulation, and analyzes the effects of laboratory construction on the cultivation of undergraduates, master students, PhD candidates, postdoctoral fellows and young lecturers. The results show that the building thermal engineering laboratory of Chongqing University has laid a good foundation, but there is still a certain gap with the world-class laboratories. Additionally, the building thermal engineering laboratory provides obvious support to the research of PhD candidates and young scholars, but not much for the cultivation of undergraduates. For the architectural education in China, we suggest increasing the teaching hours of building physics experiment at the undergraduate stage, and introducing open, exploratory and research experiments in the teaching process of experimental courses.