Targeted financial-aid research is a key topic discussed by universities in recent years. Based on the "targeted financial-aid" policies put forward by the Ministry of Education and other national ministries, this paper makes a survey of the current targeted financial-aid work in colleges and universities, analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the financial-aid work combined with the actual situation in colleges and universities, and discusses the mechanism of targeted financial-aid for college students. We should establish the concept of development-oriented financial-aid, establish a mechanism for identifying students with financial difficulties, a collaborative guarantee mechanism and an educating in financial-aid mechanism to ensure targeted financial-aid in colleges and universities.