Taking the Chongqing Three Gorges reservoir district as the typical representative of western traditional agriculture area, this essay studies influence of education on rural economy development by applying the panel data model The result indicates that education development has positive influence on development of agricultural production and improvement of peasant’s living conditions Accordingly, this essay proposes that, in the process of rural construction and coordinated and balanced development between urban and rural areas, we must persist on “education advance” strategy, improve investment to the rural education and so on