Abstract:Based on description and review of published papers, we have provided a systematical introduction to “regional development” column of Journal of Chongqing University (JCR social science edition) by surveying papers published since 1995. Specifically, five perspectives of regional economy, the Development of the Western Region, industrial structure, immigrant and agricultural development, are used to give an roughly overview on the issues discussed in papers published by “regional development” column, and finally forms some thinking about scholar research and construction way of the column. It can be found that the regional development column has adhered to the principle of keep issues oriented and academic highlighted research. It is of great guiding significance and social value to regional study. We should also recognize that the topic change itself is, of course, the result of interactions of publication information release and the authors’ chooses.

Abstract:By constructing a new economic geography theory related to the premise of deduction, we deduce a new multivariate analysis framework of theory model, and get a inner relationship mechanism about technological progress, industrial agglomeration, urban scale and income gap between the urban and rural. Then, we build the technology progress, industrial agglomeration and urban scale empirical panel simultaneous equation model (SEM) and the least squares (OLS) regression empirical model of technological progress, industrial agglomeration, urban scale, and the income gap between urban and rural areas each other. And based on the Stata software of measurement, with the experience of China’s 23 large urban agglomerations data as sample, we respectively empirically test the whole of China urban agglomeration and the eastern, central and western four areas to compare the differences, and empirical test results are consistent with the results of the basic theory model. In terms of China’s urban agglomeration, we find that technological progress, industrial agglomeration and urban scale mutualy promote each other, and urban scale and industrial agglomeration will narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, however, technological progress will expand the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Abstract:The historical context shows that populations move between regions and between urban and rural areas，causing a double transformation of economies and societies，that is， the history of the reform process and of industrial development is also testimony of social change. If we understand the inherent demand and rule of population migration，we can promote and accelerate the urbanization process and affect the interaction development of the society and economy. The traditional view is that the income gap will narrow with development of urbanization. This paper uses 1978-2009 provincial panel data and analyzes the flow of population migration，showing the dynamic mechanism and the reason ，the income gap between urban and rural areas for population migration . The income gap between urban and rural areas led to the unidirectional flow of population from rural to urban areas. People move from poor areas to rich areas，from rural areas to cities，but the income gap has widened and the growth of population migration is slowing，The inverted U-shaped relation of the income gap and population migration，if the income gap widens more，will affect the urbanization process. Research of regions show，The income gap between urban and rural areas in the middle and western regions has significant effects on population migration. The eastern region is not affected. This finding is a fact of the population migration in China.

Abstract:That the hundred million farmers can not jump from a low income trap lies in that the countryside “four powers”, namely, the homestead right of use, the land contractual management right, the labor force ownership and the collective property ownership, can not equally participate in market and capitalization allocation over a long period. Therefore, the fundamental strategy of the crack is: According to the market to determine the nature of the allocation of resources, respect for the farmers’ market position and property rights, marketisize the rural “four rights”, and support the improvement of rural property rights transfer system, public service equalization system, and the support policies of migrant workers becoming citizen, and industrial and commercial capital investing in modern agriculture.

Abstract:In macroeconomic system, the development of one industry will pull or push the development of other connected industries, and increase the employment demand of these industries. The driven effect of transportation industry on employment comes from two aspects, one is the direct employment effect generated from transportation industry development; the other is the indirect employment effect generated from the development of connected industries development because of transportation industry. Output elasticity of employment is an important index to measure the industrial employment. By the analysis of the latest data using the input-output model, the output elasticity of employment model, and complex network visualization technology, we found that the transportation industry of Beijing is not only largely driving the effect of employment, but also showed a rising trend year by year, and the transportation industry is becoming more and more important. The study provides a useful reference for the long-term development strategy of Beijing’s transportation industry.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the defects of the current resource tax system, this paper proposes the thought and policy suggestions of China’s resource tax reform. The resource tax reform should attach importance to the top design and basic orientation, as well as to the concrete system design and arrangements. This paper holds that the basic orientation of China’s resource tax reform is to reposition the function of resource tax, establish the system of royalties, set up compound resource tax systems and optimize the elements of resource tax system. Thus, it proposes the following policy suggestions: 1)to expound the incidence of resource tax, bring water, forest, meadow, land, rare plants and animals into the scope of resource tax; 2) to establish dynamic tax rate system, improving the abilities of resource tax to regulate the economy; 3) to change the taxation basis from sales quantity or deportation and use quantity to exploration quantity, highlighting the environment-protecting function of resource tax; 4) to clear charges on resources and standardize preferential tax, so as to lower the risk of government capture; 5) transform the oil windfall tax to excess profit tax of oil resource, so as to establish the compound resource tax system.

Abstract:By compiling the quantity index of capital services and the index of labor input, we use growth accounting method, impulse response function and variance decomposition to empirically test the interaction between industrial restructuring and total factor productivity growth with the sample of sequence data from 1979 to 2013. The results show that the process of TFP growth birthed by industrial restructuring is relatively slow, having a long lag period.While the impact on industrial restructuring by TFP is very rapid, which is timeliness significant.The speed and direction of industrial restructuring approximately contributes 6.67% and 2.91% to TFP volatility; Conversely, the contribution of TFP to industrial restructuring speed and industrial restructuring direction are 1.18% and 10.65% approximately. In addition, the conclusion that there is a two-way causal relationship between TFP and industrial restructuring is also worthy of attention.

Abstract:There are usually three subsidy ways in housing security system，namely, physical subsidy, monetary subsidy and combination of both. Theoretical model shows physical subsidy limits people’s choices, weakens the flexibility to adapt to the housing security system, increases government administrative costs, increases housing vacancy, and is not conducive to the introduction of market competition mechanism and inefficient use of resources. In contrast, currency subsidies have stronger efficiency features, can effectively solve the difficulty of screening, monitoring and management, significantly save government administrative costs in direct physical distribution, meanwhile the negative effects of interference in market competition mechanism do not exist,and are in favor of enhancing the effectiveness of the use of public funds.

Abstract:The economic development of China has already entered a critical period, which is to transform the development mode and adjust the industrial structure. Because of the complex situation, the serious difficulties in reform, and the very tough tasks in this period, it has been regarded as a hard time of reform. At present, in China, we can see this trend that the traditional extensive economic competitiveness decreased continuously, and we can also see an obvious economic downturn there. We still worry about the unoptimistic international environment. Due to the enormous pressure to maintain social stability, we’re in a dilemma for promoting growth, adjusting structure and increasing income. Notice that, mechanism innovation is becoming an important concern in such a case. Based on Xi Jinping’s enlightenment of “comprehensive operational research” strategic thinking method, “driving innovation with deepening reform” practical method, such as the mechanism of macro-control and rigorous supervision, the public mechanism of the environment evaluation for a new investment project, the motivating mechanism that is to stimulate vitality for business innovation, the evaluation mechanism for the impact of economic policy and industrial restructuring on employment, and the restricting and linking mechanism of the major economic indicators, have become key points of mechanism innovation during that hard time of reform.

Abstract:In recent years, food safety incidents occur often, which have negative influence on the enterprise, especially the shares of listed companies. According to the number of news about liquor plasticizer event collected by Baidu, the study did a quantitative research on the relation between media coverage and stock prices. The study found that a large number of persistent reports would make negative effects on stock prices of sample companies during a long time. The conclusion has important significance for the decision-making of public administrative department and firms.

Abstract:Aiming at the intrinsic coupling relationship between investors and the difference on the investors’ information cognition and disposition, evolution model of rumor spreading is constructed by considering the investors’ amnestic behavior and memory behavior on rumor spreading. By applying theoretical and simulation analysis, the authors get such results that infectious index, the network connection strength and network topology structure directly influence the rumors spreading in stock markets threshold characteristics and evolution stability; there exists a rumor transmission threshold of the SIHR evolution model on weighted investors’ relationship networks; compared to the connection intensity index, transmission index places more important impact on rumor spreading in stock markets.

Abstract:Getting a scientific evaluation of corporate emergency response capability is the premise of exploring ways to strengthen it. In the existing research, evaluation index system is not complete, weight distribution is not reasonable; the evaluation model can not give full consideration to the evaluation of uncertainty and balance. To solve those problems, first of all, this paper analyzes the whole process and the whole system of corporate emergency response capability; Secondly, by identifying individual dominance relationship between emergency ability, based on C-ANP, the authors build a cone network structure of evaluation index system which is different from the structure of traditional hierarchy and network; Finally, they propose a evaluation model based geometric weighting algorithm and dual connection number, and through an example, get a static and dynamic evaluation results ,which can provide the basis for enterprises to improve emergency response capabilities.

Abstract:During the social capital research, the main problems are confusion of the concept, fragment of the measurement indicators, and the technological puzzles in measuring method. To classify social capital reasonably is an important premise for getting around the problems of theoretical and measuring confusion, and is beneficial to the clarification of its connotation and extension. The in-depth understanding and solution of the problems in social capital measurement avoids the social capital research becoming “fashionable craze”.

Abstract:The paper analyzes standards in operation related to public culture services with informetric methods from these aspects: the distribution of time, co-occurrence network among keywords, collaboration network among drafters and drafting units, citation network among standards. The development status and problems of public culture service standards are summarized, and improving ways are explored. The research discovers that public culture service standard system has not been constructed, and international level of these standards has to be improved. The existing standards should be revised more frequently. Informetric methods and tools are successfully applied in the analysis of public culture service standards，which reveals the broad application prospects of standards informetric analysis.

Abstract:As an national voluntary educational program evaluation standard, America’s Program Evaluation Standard had been revised three times from the year of 1981 to 2011. Program Evaluation Standard(2011)was formulated by Joint Committee of on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE), a coalition of major professional associations in the United States and Canada concerned with the quality of evaluation, with a strict procedure. The standard plays a role of standardizing, guiding, adjusting and quality control in America’s educational program evaluation. The newest edition standard presents a serial of characteristics, i.e. parent standards integrating sub-standards, which are of close relation with each other, and highlighting meta-evaluation etc. Therefore, the formation of China’s education evaluation standards should base on a sufficient research, proper imitation and factual investigation with extensive stakeholders involving in the formation procedure and the content of standards should deal with the relationship between instruction and feasibility well.

Abstract:The 21st century is an age of cultural economy. Cultural resources are the premise and foundation of cultural industry and cultural undertakings. Cultural resources are not only carrying a country and a nation’s material achievements and spiritual pursuit but also realizing its wealth value by trade. Cultural resources need to be developed effectively and to be protected more reasonably. In Rome law, the classification of tradable and non-tradable contents, the type standard of public, shared, common, and private property, provides scientific theory for property ownership of cultural resources and the right holder’s interests. It plays an important role in confirming property ownership of culture resources, maintaining the relevant rights and interests of the cultural resources rights subject and defining its rights flow and trading rules.

Abstract:Income generated through computer software cross-border transactions is generally considered as royalties, and software royalties are taxed in most countries according to Article 12 of OECD Model Tax Convention. However, there are still series of controversy about how to identify the nature of the income in international trade. There are different purposes on different computer software cross-border transactions, and sometimes the income come from software transaction is also identified as business income and applicable Article 7 of the OECD Model Tax Convention. Due to different tax base between royalties and business income, it will lead to abuse of tax treaties if the nature of this kind of income can not be identified. So the nature of the software copyright transactions income should be identified more explicitly and legitimately from the legislative purpose and interest in the field of international trade, thus it will achieve the best balance between the promotion of development of software industry and protection of the right of the tax.

Abstract:The new environmental law implemented from 2015 defined the basic principles for the first time. These principles are the embodiment of formalized rule of law and this amendment releases the signal that environmental law should build and develop the interpretation system centers at the basic principles. The environmental justice issues originated from America also consists in China because of requirements for economic development and environmental protection. The new law established “conservation priority” principle, “prevention and comprehensive management” principle, “public participation” principle, “saboteur responsibility” correspond to the environmental justice theory profoundly. Analyzing the principles of new environmental law from environmental justice perspective is a way to enrich the interpretation of principles and provide a path for the legalization of environmental law and unification of formal and substantial rule of law.

Abstract:In recent years, the accidents of environmental pollution or damage occurs frequently, for which the ecological environment is worsening and the environmental disputes rise sharply. Whereas the environmental public litigation faced with the plight of difficulty of start for the qualification of plaintiff, the environment public interest is immersed in the tribulation of no manpower and way applying judicial remedy. The article fifty-fifth of newly revised “law of civil proceduce” opened a door for the environmental public interest litigation, but it is not clear that the environmental public interest litigation is who to start, when to start, how to start. In the future, “environment law” revision and judicial interpretation is a must to make the procuratorial organ or environmental organization or individual qualified to be the plaintiff and establish a diversified and systematic and standardization of the environmental public interest litigation mode which is dominated by procuratorial organ.

Abstract:The research of rear area during the Anti-Japanese is lack of integrity and academic norms. In view of this situation, the author puts the rear area in the context of Chinese Anti-Japanese War and Word War II. This article makes an analytical study of the basic concepts, research subjects, historical status and roles, research value and research trend of rear area during the Anti-Japanese War, and it also considers and evaluates some important questions. During the period of Anti-Japanese War, rear area refers to the region of Chongqing-centric Western China. The research subjects include politics, economy, culture and society. The historical status and roles of rear area are represented in three dimensions. Firstly, the rear area, a main supporting area of Anti-Japanese War, has been the strategic rear of China. Secondly, it provided a political stage for the Anti-Japanese National United Front. In addition, it was the strategic pillar of Anti-Fascist War in the East. The research of the rear area will be helpful to fully recognize the significance and impact of the Second United Front. It would strengthen the idea of “The world belongs to the people, the supremacy of nation” (天下为公，民族至上) and promote the cross-strait reconciliation and unity. Rear area study could show the entire picture of Anti Japanese War, reflect the role and contribution of China more accurately during the war. In hope of new prospects in the China-Japan relations, we need to further unearth the truth about WWII and expose the atrocities of Japanese Army. In order to build a harmonious world, a new relationship between Sino-America should be established. For the purpose of achieving win-win cooperation between China and the world, we need to do further research on modern Chinese history, make Chinese academic achievements recognized by the world and enter into the mainstream of Western society.

Abstract:In the Only Feasible Evidence of Proving God’s Being, on the one side, Kant distrusted former philosopher on the concepts such as“Prove”, “Presence”and“God”; on the other side, he thought deeply about these concepts to find their root. He reduced them and brought forward the only feasible evidence of proving God’s presence. Behind the argumentation, there is the great transcendental philosophy.

Abstract:The rational man hypothesis is one of cornerstones of economics mansion. Since its being proposed, it has received wide and fiercely criticism by Scholars. But it did not seem to impede the individualism analysis method that was based on the rational man hypothesis branching out, and to form into the huge economic imperialism. Until now, it also didn’t seem to slow down the pace of aggression. Behind appearances, it must have the reality needs of the rational man hypothesis, and the intrinsic rationality and important value. Firstly, rational man hypothesis is a kind of methodology logical that is necessary for scientific research. Secondly, the rational man hypothesis is to pursue of maximizing, rather than to maximize, and whether the dream realization can realize depend on system, technology, culture and other reality. Moreover, compared to other human nature assumption, it is closer to reality and provides a possible approach for the social governance. Finally, it is the precondition of incentive constraint system design.

Abstract:Technology development is not going smoothly. The resistance and opposition of technology often occur in history. However, we are unaware of these resistances. In this article, we analyze the apparent reason and deep reason of resistance. In the last, we can draw conclusion: there is not always existence innovation in technology history; this is a conflicts of innovation and resistance in technology history; technology progress is not Pareto improvement. There are some countermeasures to avoid resistance: open economy, rationally allocate political rights, and broaden the scientific cognition foundation.

Abstract:The Chinese traditional culture is a system which is connotative and rich, and also has a great traction. It self-renewals and develops continuously during the progress of social transformation. The power of the traditional culture system represented by Confucianism is that it can build both unfathomable solemn belief and operation manual which directly touches the soil, and it can indeed represent Chinese spiritual life and express the scholars’ philosophical thought, which differs from thoughts and value characteristics of other nations. The socialist core values inherit and innovate the Chinese traditional core values.

Abstract:Public tolerance is an important factor of civil servants constraint mechanism. This paper, based on the quality of the grass-roots civil competency model and the “zero tolerance” concept, uses questionnaires to explore the current situation and influencing factors of public tolerance to the quality of the grass-roots civil servants defect. The first research that studies on 1 022 persons shows the public’s tolerance to the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants consists of five dimensions: tolerance to capability defects, tolerance to bad attitudes, tolerance to moral deficiencies, tolerance to corruption and tolerance to low achievements; different demographic variables have different effects, but there is no difference for the gender factor. The second research on 476 respondents shows that people have a relative higher tolerance to capability defects, but lower tolerance to corruption; influencing factors of public tolerance are harmfulness, plasticity, universality and discipline of the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants and its direct connection with public interest. In the end, this paper puts forwards some suggestions as to constructing a social and ethical environment for improving the qualification of grass-roots civil servants from the perspective of tolerance.

Abstract:In this study, applying several research methods including documentary research, questionnaire survey and interview, etc, the research on the structure acknowledge and characteristics of trust of college students to governmental civil servants gains the following conclusions:1)The trust of students to the civil servants is obviously influenced by three factors, in other words, they are whether civil servants can be diligent and probity, whether they have a positive attitude in their work and whether their professional proficiency can be highly spoken of. 2) The college students do not think much of trust to the civil servants considering the above three factors, among which, whether they can be diligent and probity has a great effects on the trust. 3) The thesis also finds that the trust of students to the civil servants is also influenced by their daily communication with the civil servants, their reflections of the work, media reports and family backgrounds. Based on the research, the authors put forward five proposals on how to improve the trust of college students to the civil servants。

Abstract:Extant literatures are mainly concentrated on the direct effect between transformational leadership and organizational performance, fewer studies are about the mediating mechanism between transformational leadership and organizational performance, and it is almost a blank with regard to relevant studies conducted in colleges and universities. Treating organizational innovation as a possible mediating variable, this study constructs a conceptual model of transformational leadership and organizational performance of colleges and universities. By analyzing 292 surveys from 34 colleges and universities with structural equation method, the results reveal that transformational leadership has direct and significant effect on performance, and innovation has direct and significant effect on performance. While transformational leadership is not a direct antecedent of performance of colleges and universities, it has indirect effect on performance of colleges and universities via organizational innovation.

Abstract:This essay analyzes and cards the ten-year(2004-2014) diachronic development of about 500 Confucius institutes in 120 countries all over the world, that ten-year magnificent development can be summarized into three stages, pioneering stage, making the layout of global strategic stage, stable developing stage. From the above, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the development, and gives the suggestions to the moving of Confucius institute.

Abstract:Combining documentary analysis, questionnaire survey and interview, this research investigates and analyzes the situation of understanding, participation, choice and satisfaction index in college network youth self-organization of college student of Chongqing, and researches the present situation, existing problems and deficiencies. Five countermeasure proposals have been made based in these results for setting up the right idea, perfecting policy and rules, classifying managements, furthering develop rural cooperative, strengthening support and the mechanism construction.