Abstract:This essay employs quantile regression and uses the firm data of communications equipment manufacturing, to explore the determinants of the spatial pattern of heterogeneous firms. The main results are: first, the larger the market potential, the more possibility of the lower average productive performance. Second, the investment on infrastructure plays more important role than subsidy spending in boosting the development of firms of communications equipment manufacturing. Meanwhile, development area policy has positive effects on attracting high-productive firms. Third, firms of low productivity more rely on rich labor source, while those of high productivity prefer to environment of research. Finally, the middle and west regions have less attractions. The suggestion is to transfer the development mode that only focuses on the size of industry and to cultivate high quality firms.

Abstract:Regional disparity and unbalanced spatial distribution is the core issue in geography, the marginalization of unbalanced spatial economy development is due to spatial polarization and spatial marginalization. In order to deconstruct the marginal mechanism of marginal region, a theoretic analysis framework which includes four forces, four effects and four measure components is set up, and an empirical analysis on rural per capital net income is made. Firstly, the natural environment and irrigation condition are the main reasons of the internal marginalization of marginal region. Secondly, the development of marginal region is blocked by internal marginal force with irreversible rigid feature, because of the double restrict of natural and weak economic environment. Thirdly, external marginalization is the main reason that widens the gap of peasant's income between marginal region and developed region. Finally, under the background of economic globalization, economic transition and economic polarization of multi-level city, there are big differences of the develop environment and developing condition of nonfarm economy between different regions, thus presents the feature of persistent and strong gradient difference and marginalization of spatial economy in China. Furthermore, the future research issues and directions in this field are addressed.

Abstract:Knowledge can be divided into two parts, one is about how humans organize themselves, and the other is about the nature. Improvement of per capita knowledge distribution level decides the institution evolution, therefore, the essence of institution is about the knowledge of organize themselves. However, institution evolution is subject to variance of per capita knowledge distribution and quantity of crowd, which is positive to variance and opposite to quantity of crowd. Certainty was given by institution evolution to the technical improvement, and keep growth of technology. Finally, the technical improvement accomplished economic growth in the modern sense and set up the logic roadmap from knowledge distribution to the economic growth.

Abstract:Pension reform in China mandates employers to contribute significant amounts to employee pension funds. The implementation of pension reform varies in different regions and different times. This paper tries to estimate the impact of this reform on the wage of employees using the data of medium and large manufacturers in China during 2002 and 2007. After controlling the potential endogenous problems, we find that both the nominal wages and real wages of employees were rigid when pension provision changes. The results are robust to various robustness checks. Therefore, there is no trade-off between wage and pension. These findings are of vital importance in guiding the pension policies.

Abstract:It is the first time to introduce the probability of informed trading (Pin) in the insurance industry in this paper. The effect of private information on the market is described by Pin, which makes up for the deficiencies of private information unfathomable. Measurement results show that the effect of Pin on the profits is bigger than that of other variables.

Abstract:Based on the Cobb-Douglas production function introduced the industry characteristic parameters, this paper analyzes the effect of environmental regulation intensity on employment from three angles. Using the panel data of 17 industries under different industry level on the China's 30 provinces in 2006-2012, the article empirically tests the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulation and employment. The empirical results indicate that the effect of environmental regulation intensity on employment has industry differences. Some industries show a significant "U" shaped relationship or inverted "U" shaped relationship, while others had no significant relationship. From the employment distribution change between industries, the empirical results indicate that: Primary industry and secondary industry presented "inverted U" type and "U" type, showing "Backward linkage effect". The second industry and part of the tertiary industry presented "U" type, showing "synthetic linkage effect", and having double dividend between environmental regulation and employment. Finally, this paper puts forward the policy suggestions for environmental improvement and employment.

Abstract:By the concept of environment amenity that is defined based on accumulated carbon reduction compared to base period, a set of environment amenity evaluation indicators is proposed with improvement from "Level-Structure-Dynamic efficiency" dimensions. These indicators are used in international comparison and analysis about environmental production and economic growth, technical progress and environmental production efforts among seven main economies. It is concluded that, during investigated period, environmental technical progress and amenity of these economies become similar; policy preference towards social production between China, EU and USA is alike; China's taken most efforts and achieves most in environment improvement. Comparatively, China achieves higher environmental production than others on same economic output scale, however with lowest environment amenity. Further, helpful policy advice is proposed about China and international carbon reduction activities.

Abstract:Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2013, this article utilized dynamic panel model and differential GMM estimation and chose chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) to be the organic and inorganic pollutant indicators. It did empirical research on China's water environment pollution discharge induced by the structure effect of trade openness. The research results show that the scale and technical effects of economic growth are the main effects influencing on water environment pollution discharge, and the direct structure effects of economic growth influencing on water environment pollution discharge is not significant. The structure effect of trade openness aggravates China's water environment pollution discharge to a certain extent. By leading in relevant cross terms of trade openness, we can distinguish the source of comparative advantage determining structure effects of trade openness. It is found that there exist no pollution heaven effect and factor endowment effect on China's water environment pollution. The structure effect of trade openness can lead to lower water pollution discharge in western part that is less developed, but can increase the water pollution discharge in the mid-eastern China.

Abstract:Based on apple household survey data of 4 provinces, this paper utilizes logit model make an empirical analysis about influencing of social network on adoption of environmental-friendly technology. According to the empirical results, social network, feedback of testing, and cooperation can affect the adoption of environmental-friendly technology positively; social network has significant influence on farmers' adoption of technology and mainly affects indirectly on farmers' adoption of formula fertilization by soil testing. To pay more attention to social network on village and household level is the key point to solve the problem about low adoption of environmental-friendly technology.

Abstract:This paper proposes three typical multi-channel operation models of pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises taking the relationship between pharmacies and online pharmacies as point of cut-in based on the pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises. We combine actual cases to present the characteristics and its application environments of three typical multi-channel operation modes, respectively. Then, we analyze the main factors which influence multi-channel operation modes according to the reality of pharmaceutical retail market in China, and present relevant strategies and measures from the aspects of enterprise and government, respectively.

Abstract:Proper risk allocation can promote the cooperation of BT sponsor and BT organizer, and guarantee the implementation of BT projects. Firstly, Shapley value being able to allocate risk of BT projects is discussed, and the conclusion is fitting. Secondly, according to the basic principles of risk allocation, a model for risk allocation in BT projects is set up using the revised Shapley value, combined the Shapley value with the five influence factors of risk allocation, i.e. risk causes, the ability to assume risk, participation and benefits of the project, the ability to control risk and economic status, and proper risk allocation between BT sponsor and BT organizer is expected. Finally, risk allocation of a Land Reclamation BT Project is analyzed by the model, and is compared with the contract risk analysis. The conclusion is that the contract risk allocation is basically proper, but a part of engineering risk of the force majeure risk should allocated to the BT organizer, and the risk of material price flowing causing by inflation should be increase the allocation proportion of the BT organizer.

Abstract:The development of market economy and the implementation of the enterprise reform system make managers team growing in China. The Chinese managers not only become the key of the sustainable development of enterprises, but the hotspots of scholars which research enterprise development under Chinese situation. For analyzing Chinese managers research overall, we search articles which named manager in CNKI from 1986 to 2013 as the foundation of the data sources, construct manager keywords network based on the complex network theory, and use quantitative analysis method of statistical analysis and complex network density, average degrees, degrees center and modular indicators to longitudinal study. The results show that Chinese managers research closely integrated with the times, study carrier showed a trend of diversification. The professional managers in various enterprises, manager incentive and constraint, manager communication, managers' management ability and the managers of different industry manager research formed the main module research systems.

Abstract:Think-tank website influence evaluation is significant to the development of think-tank. With the TTC-SP released top 30 think-tank website as evaluation object in early 2015 global top think-tank report, the paper builds think-tank website evaluation model, introduces the correspondence analysis approach, generates the corresponding analysis chart. By analyzing and comparing the results with the think tank ranked, the paper highlights the development of each website's strengths and weaknesses, to provide reference for the construction and development think tank website in China.

Abstract:Academic research is an important path to solve scientific questions and social problems, and then to promote the balanced development of science and society. There are certain corresponding relationships between the scale of academic research activity and its corresponding social undertaking scale and development stages. After revealing these relationships, the modern think tank undertaking development process in the world was divided into three different stages including the forming stage, low-speed adjusting stage and high-speed development stage by the trends of the number of academic research literatures on "think tank" theme in WOS database, and then the development characteristics of three different stages of the modern think tank undertaking in the world were revealed by the methods of word-frequency analysis and content analysis. Finally, the present development situation of modern think tank undertaking in China is analyzed, and by the contrast analysis, we confirm that the modern think tank undertaking in China, although in its infancy, is speeding up along a great path with a leap-type development mode.

Abstract:There are many people to pay more attention to think tanks. The paper analyzes the development of the think tanks from the perspective of the whole world. By accessing the data from the database of ISI Web of Knowledge, we analyze the development of foreign think tanks, and through using the information visualization tools, the software of CiteSpace, we draw the knowledge map of current researching focus, the mapping of countries and educational institutions. We obtain the researching contents and methods of think tanks, and finally put forward suggestion to the development of domestic think tanks.

Abstract:China's losses in the case of Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials and that of Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials reveal that China is still far away from the requirements of the market-economy for the governance of strategic natural resources. For constructing a good governance mechanism on strategic natural resources being inconsistent with the WTO rules, China has to recognize this gap and takes it as an ideological driving force. The path for China's completing such mechanism should include in-depth understanding the rules of the market-economy, dialectically understanding the relationship and connection between the State permanent sovereignty over their natural resources and the WTO rules, increasing the rates of the resource royalties/taxations for reflecting the scarcity of strategic natural resources, formulating and implementing a strict and scientific environmental protection system aimed at protecting the environment, establishing reserves and tracking systems of strategic-natural-resource-based raw material products.

Abstract:China's ecological civilization construction requires the rule of law including criminal law and environmental law, however, statistics show that China's criminal law and criminal justice contribution to the ecological environment is extremely limited, the coordination is poor between environmental law and criminal law. This article analyzes the causes and proposes to enhance the coordination environmental law and criminal law, including: strengthening environmental policies and criminal policy adaptive, progressing realization of the ecological criminal legislation and promoting eco-criminal protection of legal interests, strengthening ecological legal interests identification and measurement in criminal justice.

Abstract:The core issue on public interest litigation instituted by procuratorate is a constitutional problem about the features and distribution of procuratorial power. Based on procuratorial power's position in Constitution of the People's Republic of China and process of development and transformation for procuratorial supervision system in China, the features of procuratorial power to bring public interest litigation is neither an excessively broad interpretation of legal supervision power nor an extension of litigation supervision power, but the exercise of procuratorate's general supervision power. The reform and innovation of procuratorial supervision creates a new opportunity for resurrecting and updating general procuratorate's supervision power. Featured as general supervision power, procuratorial power to bring public interest litigation can be distributed more appropriately. Because of this, system design in supervision way, supervision process and supervision content will be more proper.

Abstract:In addition to deepening the institutional regulatory path of the judicial system, procedure regulation of administrative interference in the civil justice is another path. Procedure regulation has requested the right to a fair trial, debate-style civil dialogue logic, restricting the right to appeal the executive power, the public of civil trial. The executive can participate in civil litigation as friend of the court. Executive acting as a friend of the court will not do harm to independent judgment, on the contrary, in favor of interests of justice. The administrative organ shall be limited in order to protect the public interest, and it is the new participants in the proceedings, whose litigation rights and obligations should be clear.

Abstract:Extension of civil judgment effects, such as res judicata and enforceability is limited in Continental law countries, eg. Germany and Japan. However, China's relevant judicial interpretations and legal practice reports indicates that the extension of civil judgment effects is reckless. Pre-decisive effect expanded the objective scope of res judicata, the relativity of res judicata has not been strictly followed, sometimes it improperly expanded to others parties outside the lawsuit; addition of the partners of a partnership as enforces, when the partnership organizations is not able to pay off its debt, is an example of the extension of enforceability. These expansions are not only incompatible with the traditional theory, but also not enough to provide procedural protects to particular party. Therefore, extension of civil judgment effects should be limited.

Abstract:The negative list mode shows the concept of the rule of law of "absence of legal prohibition means freedom" and shows the full protection to civil rights. Essentially, the case scope of administrative litigation is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart, and its expression should accord with right attribute. At present, the mode of the case scope is difficult to achieve the purpose of full protection to the citizen's rights. The negative list mode should be introduced into the case scope of administrative litigation. Firstly, general provision of the case scope should be prescribed in a positive way, and then the excluded matters should be listed clearly. And all other cases that are not excluded belong to the case scope of the administrative litigation.

Abstract:Once referred to the judicial public, we used to apply the path of new ideology research paradigm, which neglects the most serious problem such as non legal factor, the allocation of resources and the reform of judicial system. In fact, judicial publicity has become a kind of artificial technique. Through the realization of procedural right and the right of participation, judicial mechanism has hooked the parties and social public power, eventually activates the judicial authority reconstruction.

Abstract:At present, the images of the grass-roots party members and cadres are misread, grass-roots party members and cadres are in the "stigma", the main reasons lie in the "one vote veto" in multiple names, which makes the village cadres offend people, they have the great responsibility but little power, a lot of work but much less money and no dignity. Their reward does not match the hardness of their work and heavy task for keeping the stability. Political ecology diversity, changeability and multi-level of grass-roots party members and cadres will seriously damage the party's political power foundation, to which should be paid much attention from all walks of the society. The construction of grass-roots party members and cadres should be strengthened from building the objective and fair index evaluation system of political achievements, optimizing the power ecological system of leading organs and basic levels and strengthen the ecological environment of politics as well as from the angle of democracy and law. Grass-roots party members and cadres should keep and prove innocent themselves in the "stigma" vortices. "Stigma" phenomenon of grassroots cadres can be eliminated thoroughly by changing the ideas to the road to prosperity for the people, actual results for the people to the benefits people and letting the people feel public servant feelings of party members and cadres.

Abstract:The impact of various historical and practical factors make moral crisis in Chinese society. Through the analysis of contemporary moral reconstruction and its plight of metaphysics, we reconstruct the Confucian metaphysics of "Tao" that contains divinity and rationality, and then it shapes the modern personality. So Confucian metaphysics is the cultural foundation of the contemporary moral construction.

Abstract:Since the rising of intentionality, it is almost throughout the development of the phenomenological movement, which becomes the core of the epistemological philosophy theory and is unable to avoid. The intentionality concept was put forward by Franz Brentano, then was criticized and transformed by Husserl, Heidegger and Sartre. Therefore, its connotation had much profound changes. This paper tries to analyze these changes and clarify the sigintentional concept tentional concept in the phenomenological philosophy.

Abstract:The study surveyed 5103 students, which completed the gratitude scale, self-esteem scale, self-efficacy and perceived social support scale. We obtained the overall status and influencing factors of the gratitude. The results show that: 1) The trait gratitude of the students was generally good; 2) The trait gratitude of the Students was significant differences in gender, grade and family economic status; 3) The self-esteem and perceived social support of students could predict the level of the trait gratitude. The study suggests those methods strengthen the gratitude behaviors, which include cultivate favorable culture, focus on the family environmental differences, enhance social support for families, increase students' psychological support, concern to multiple mental quality cultivation, establish and improve the evaluation mechanism, strengthen gratitude and public practice behaviors.

Abstract:Critical thinking is a must for contemporary university students. In order to cultivate university students' critical thinking purposefully and effectively, two questionnaires were made on the critical thinking disposition and cultivation of 600 university students from one university by using critical thinking disposition inventory and cultivation of critical thinking in instruction. The result shows that the critical thinking dispositions of the subjects are weak on the whole, and there are no striking differences between students of different grades. As for the causes, the teachers' teaching philosophy, teaching contents, teaching methods and evaluations are not beneficial to the cultivation of students' critical thinking, thus some suggestions are put forward on strengthening the critical thinking of university students.

Abstract:The interrogative pronouns concurrently have the meaning of objective reference and subjective pragmatic meaning in some special constructions. The dual meaning of interrogative pronouns come from the interactive of words and constructions: on the one hand the constructions make the words meaning close with the whole by suppressing, on the other hand the words absorb the meaning of constructions and in the end obtain the dual meaning. The interactive of words and constructions demonstrates the elemental viewpoints of semantic analysis: the semantic research should be taken by combining the words and the constructions, the special word meaning is the meaning of objective reference and subjective pragmatic meaning.