Abstract:2021 is the centennial birthday of the Communist Party of China. It is of great significance to study the law of the occurrence and development of the ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China from the perspective of centennial development history. Before the establishment of the subject of ideological and political education, the practice and theoretical exploration of the ideological and political work of the Communist Party of China is an important object and resource of the study of the history of ideological and political education. Taking the establishment of the discipline as an opportunity, the research on the history of ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China has been deepened continuously, and the development of the discipline, science, standardization and systematization has been realized. The characteristics of the discipline have become more apparent, and rich connotation of the discipline has been accumulated on the basis of summary of practical experience. The research on the history of ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China has formed valuable experience of adhering to academic research and helping the central work of the Party, historical research and meeting the needs of the times, theoretical research and deepening educational practice, and ideological research and training talents. In the new era, the research on the history of ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China should, on the basis of building and improving the unique research paradigm and grasping and developing the resources of the history of ideological and political education through laws, give full play to the theoretical innovation and promotion function of the research on the history of ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China and the function of testing, evaluating and feedback, establish a multi-disciplinary research system with the centenary history of the Communist Party of China as the core, and open up the new realm of the study of the history of the Party's ideological and political education.

Abstract:In order to understand the research status, hotspot and frontier of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, and provide analysis reference for further research, this paper selects CNKI database as literature search engine, and uses CiteSpace 5.5.R2 visual analysis software to analyze spatiotemporal features and keyword of Chengdu-Chongqing literatures. Through bibliometrics, this paper mainly analyzes the temporal distribution characteristics such as annual publishing trend, literature citation, and spatial characteristics such as discipline distribution, fund distribution, author and organization distribution. Through the visual analysis of keywords, it draws the co-occurrence map of keywords, time line map, clustering view, time zone view and the distribution map of emergent words to deeply analyze the research hotspots and research frontier. The results of quantitative analysis show that there are a large number of research documents in the field of Chengdu-Chongqing region. However, there is a lack of articles with high recognition in this field, the number of continuous in-depth research documents is small. The cooperation and exchange between authors and research institutions are scarce, and an influential group of authors or institutions has not yet been formed. There are few interdisciplinary research literatures, and the breadth and depth of research in this field need to be developed. In addition, the investment in all aspects of Chengdu-Chongqing area is not enough. Relevant institutions should increase the research investment to improve the research quality. The visual analysis results show that: the high-frequency keywords of relevant research literature of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle tend to be diversified, and Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone is the key word with the highest frequency. According to the time zone chart, the research is divided into five stages, and the literature development of each stage is consistent with the policy background at that time. Emerging words show that in recent years, Chengdu-Chongqing research has been constantly refined. By combing the basic context behind the literature research, this paper points out the economic development process of Cheng-Chongqing region, the problems in the study of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle and its development prospects, which provides a useful reference for further research.

Abstract:The ecological management of the Yangtze River Economic Belt involves the interests of many regions, and the independence of either side cannot solve the problem, so it is the only way to carry out cooperative management. Policy difference is an objective phenomenon, and it is necessary for synergistic effect of environmental governance to collating the policy difference among governments. This paper has gathered policy contexts of central governments,9 provinces and 2 cities. By policy quantitative analysis and content analysis of policy context's external and internal characteristics, the paper has explored the difference on the policymaking time, policy makers and policy tools between the central and local governments, furthermore, discussed the reality of environmental governance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research finds that there exists a small difference between central government and local government, but a large difference among local governments, on the response speed of policymaking, policy makers and policy tools. This kind of policy difference is related to the position of the central government, the resource endowment of various regions, the seriousness of the local ecological problems, the governance ability of the local government, and so on. Therefore, policymakers should not only formulate differentiated strategies and measures based on specific situations, but also carry out ecological governance using the construction of regional policy coordination mechanism.

Abstract:In view of the shortcomings of the existing relevant studies, this paper reconstructs the evaluation index system of regional tourism competitiveness, quantitatively evaluates the tourism competitiveness of 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2016 by applying entropy method, uses the spatial clustering analysis to have a further discussion about the tourism competitiveness differences among the cities, utilizes overall and local spatial auto-correlation analysis to explore the spatial evolution characteristics of tourism competitiveness of these cities. The results show that:1)There are obvious differences in the level of regional tourism competitiveness in Guangdong Province, mainly manifested in the high level of tourism competitiveness in the Pearl River Delta cities and the low level of tourism competitiveness in other regional cities; 2)The tourism competitiveness of each city has obvious self-correlation on the whole, showing a strong agglomeration effect, but the effect has a downward trend;3)The tourism competitiveness of various cities has formed a relatively stable spatial pattern, that is, the center is protruded, and the surrounding is sunken; 4)The spatial partial autocorrelation of tourism competitiveness level in different cities is not significant; 5)The spatial distribution of the hot-cold spot area presents a circle-level distribution gradually from the Pearl River Delta cities to the surrounding areas, forming the core-edge structure with the Pearl River Delta cities as the hotspot area. Based on these conclusions, this paper suggests that it is necessary to continually maintain the competitiveness advantage of the Pearl River Delta region while enhancing its radiation and leading role, increase the governmental support for tourism development in eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation among regions (urbans) to promote the integration of regional tourism. This paper provides useful references for the study on tourism competitiveness evaluation and spatial pattern evolution in other regions outside Guangdong province, and also provides decision-making references for promoting regional tourism and economic development.

Abstract:Exchange rate fluctuation and misalignment are important factors affecting international trade. This paper uses Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) model to measure RMB exchange rate misalignment from 1994 to 2018. Meanwhile, based on the Standard Classification of International Trade (SITC), this paper selects the annual data of 10 categories of import and export industries in the same period in China to study the impact of RMB exchange rate misalignment on imports and exports of different industries with Autoregressive Distribution Lag(ARDL) Model and Error Correction Model(ECM). It is found that the real effective exchange rate of RMB slightly misaligned. The impact of RMB exchange rate misalignment on import and export industries is heterogeneous and has different time lag effects. On the whole, the impact of exchange rate misalignment on import is greater than that on export, and the impact of long-term exchange rate misalignment on import and export is greater than that of short-term exchange rate misalignment and the direction of the influence of the two on import and export is not entirely the same among different industries and in different periods of time. Therefore, it is suggested to construct and improve the long-term mechanism and emergency mechanism of RMB exchange rate management, to develop diversified exchange rate risk hedging tools, and to implement differentiated import and export industry development strategies and enterprise exchange rate risk management strategies.

Abstract:This paper analyzes how the international climate fund should raise and allocate funds to achieve global climate governance Pareto optimality and its own fiscal balance. For this purpose, this paper firstly acquires Pareto optimality condition through solving the Pareto optimal model of global climate governance. Secondly, this paper acquires market equilibrium condition through solving market equilibrium model. Then, comparing Pareto optimality condition and market equilibrium condition, this paper infers the necessary and sufficient price conditions that make market equilibrium result realizing the Pareto optimality. Based on this, considering fiscal balance, this paper deduces the only rules to be followed for fund raising and allocation of international climate fund taking global Pareto optimal and fiscal balance into consideration. Then, this paper presents a complete capital raising and allocation program of international climate fund considering global Pareto optimal and fiscal balance, and the corresponding policy recommendations to promote international climate fund. Main innovations of this paper are: 1)it modifies the hypothesis of the public externality model constructed by Baumol & Oates that makes the conclusion of this paper more suitable for global climate governance analysis; 2)it deduces the only price conditions for the global Pareto optimal and fiscal balance of international climate fund.

Abstract:Strengthening carbon emission supervision is an important guarantee for realizing the government's strategic policy of "establishing an economic system with green and low-carbon recycling development". As the main factor of destroying the environment, enterprises bear the responsibility of carbon emission reduction and social supervision. Under the government's control, enterprises participate in carbon emission reduction passively, but smuggling and over-discharge have occurred from time to time. This article analyzes the relevant factors affecting corporate carbon emissions in response to government carbon emissions regulatory issues. From the perspective of third-party supervision, under the consideration of the government, enterprises and third-party supervision subjects, the evolutionary game model of government and enterprises in carbon emission regulation is established. Under the participation of the third-party supervisory body, the limited dynamic strategy choice among the government and the enterprise as well as the evolution trend of the strategic choices of the two parties under different parameters are studied, and the results are simulated by Matlab software. The results show that third-party supervision plays a significant role in the government and enterprise carbon emissions process, and can directly influence the decision-making choices of the government and enterprises. Therefore, strengthening the supervision of third parties can improve the efficiency of government supervision, ease the pressure of government supervision, reduce the cost of government supervision, and urge enterprises to comply with the emission of carbon dioxide. However, the oversight of the third party has weakened the effectiveness of government regulation. Finally, it proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the government to introduce third-party supervisory bodies more effectively.

Abstract:This paper investigates the executive compensation stickiness from the non-agent perspective. By constructing a compensation incentive model that introduces a cost function with stickiness characteristics, this paper finds the cost sticky increase the executive compensation stickiness. Empirical analysis of listed companies in the A-share private manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2016 upholds the theoretical analysis. Moreover, compared with executives who have no political association, executives who have political association show insensitive in the "cost sticky-compensation sticky" relation. However, this difference disappeared after the new business relationship established in 2012.This paper constructs a theoretical model to depict the non-agent mechanism of executive compensation stickiness and conducts empirical analysis. The study provides a new research perspective for a comprehensive understanding of executive compensation stickiness.

Abstract:How the changes in the internal organizational structure of enterprises affect the earnings quality of enterprises has not been fully studied. The CEO of a private enterprise at the beginning of its business is the founder of the company. However, as the company grows and develops, the founder's personal ability and experience are increasingly unable to meet the development needs of the company. The founder will abandon the CEO of the concurrent enterprise and turn to the external professional manager, resulting in the first type of agency problem: The founders, as well as external supervisors and investors, increasingly expect companies to provide higher quality information. Based on the discussion of the impact of non-founder CEO management on the earnings information quality of enterprises, the sample of 336 private enterprises listed on the GEM from 2009-2016 is taken as a sample. The earnings information is measured by earnings persistence, earnings response coefficient and earnings management. The two-stage least squares method is used to explore the impact of the founder's abandonment of the concurrent CEO on the earnings information quality. And the results show that the non-founder CEO can inhibit the company's earnings management. Further research finds that when the external regulatory pressure companies face is higher, the positive influence of non-founder CEOs on the earnings information quality is weakened. Finally, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.

Abstract:Interdisciplinary research has become an important and hot area of knowledge contribution in the field of scientific research, but at present, there is still a lack of relatively complete combing and research on the laws and trends of interdisciplinary research among various disciplines of Chinese humanities and social sciences. This paper describes and summarizes the interdisciplinary research of 21 disciplines of humanities and social sciences from three levels: author, organization and journal, establishes the measurement model of external contribution and external dependence of disciplines, and reinterprets the academic development relationship among disciplines of humanities and social sciences.

Abstract:To apply the blockchain technology to diversified academic evaluation systems to overcome the shortcomings of existing academic evaluation and promote the sound development of academic evaluation, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the current research status of academic evaluation, aiming at the existing problems in academic evaluation and combining the technical characteristics of blockchain, this paper proposes the construction of academic evaluation system model based on blockchain, and demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of academic evaluation based on blockchain. Finally, the basic elements of building a blockchain-based academic evaluation system model are proposed, and the overall model of a blockchain-based academic evaluation system is preliminarily constructed.

Abstract:The personal data and information in the era of artificial intelligence support the operation of AI systems. The importance and value of personal information in the present is self-evident. The identification elements of personal information include "identifiability" and "fixability". Personal information in the field of artificial intelligence presents different forms on this basis, including personal information collected by "intelligent objects" and analyzed by intelligent systems. While artificial intelligence infringes personal information in different situations, the infringing subject is difficult to determine under the current law. In the "intellectual era", artificial intelligence seriously threatens the security of personal information. Therefore, while the era of artificial intelligence is coming, it is necessary to provide effective legal protection for personal information security issues in the field of artificial intelligence.

Abstract:Under the new legislative trend and technical background, the model law of personal data in CIS Member States advances with the times. The model law is not like the legislative outline which is directly legally binding among the member states. Instead, with its innovation and excellent quality of legislation, the model law attempts to attract the member states to absorb the whole or a part of it into their own laws. Personal data circulation has been placed on greater importance and has become the object of personal data law which is as important as (or even more important than) personal data processing. The "adjustment of personal data circulation" and "national adjustment of personal data circulation" have become separated chapters. Compared with the EU's personal data protection legislation, the model law can still be deemed as innovative. It stipulates the important legislative concepts related to personal data protection in a more detailed manner, which is essential to the correct adjustment of the legal relationship concerning personal data. The law also stipulates the group of rights of the personal data subject and the group of obligations of the personal data processor (holder), which are important contents of the personal data legislation, so as to keep pace with the advanced personal data legislation around the world, while the obligations of the personal data processor (holder) have been regulated according to the different stages and behavior types concerning data circulation and processing process. Besides, the functions and roles of the state adjustment of the circulation of personal data have been emphasized, highlighting the "comprehensive protection that places equal emphasis on the protection of public and private law", especially regarding the right, obligation and legal status of the protection authority of personal data subject's rights, the software technology as a national adjustment means of personal data protection, the storage and destruction of personal information as a national adjustment means, and the responsibility for violation of the personal data law.

Abstract:With full operation of two years, the public interest litigation by procuratorate in China appears new tendency which needs to be studied. This study reaches some conclusions based on the judicial data between 2017 and 2019 which shows some new phenomenon of the mechanism of the public interest litigation by procuratorate since the amendment of the Administrative Procedure Law and the Civil Procedure Law. On the whole, the number of cases handled by judicial organs and procurational organs has increased, and active exploration has been carried out on the improvement of the litigation rules. Meanwhile, there is also an obvious gap in the number of cases handled by different regions, and basic-level people's procuratorates are the main force in handling cases. Besides, the number of administrative public interest litigation cases has sharply decreased, and the weight of handling cases has shifted to criminal incidental civil public interest litigation cases. The number of procuratorial public interest litigation cases is rapidly increasing, but the rate of performing pre-litigation procedures and filing lawsuits is decreasing. The main reason for such situation is that the reform of the internal organizational structure of the procurational system has brought about the improvement of the ability of handling cases, and the Party Committee and the National People's Congress have strengthened their support for the mechanism of procurational public interest litigation, which resolving some obstacles in the operation of the mechanism. The study proposes to further improve the procurational public interest litigation system from four dimensions: inside, outside, wide and deep, which repuests to promote the internal integration of public interest litigation by procuratorate and the other three procuratoratorial tasks, to establish the coupling of public interest litigation by procuratorate and law based government, to explore and expand the scope of accepting cases, and to construct the litigation mechanism according to the needs.

Abstract:Although the public interest litigation of procuratorate administration emerges for the protection of public welfare, its essence is still a kind of litigation, and its procedural rules should follow the principle of justice. At present, the law and judicial interpretations only stipulate the principle of the procuratorate administrative public interest litigation system, but there are still some factors that affect the fairness of the litigation, such as the vague role of the procuratorate organ, the lack of specific standards for the initiation of the litigation, and the unclear distribution rules of the burden of proof. It is urgent to strengthen the fairness of the procedure from the aspects of restricting the arbitrariness of procuratorate organs, ensuring the scientificity of procedure and the neutrality of judges, guaranteeing the equality of procedure and the participation of administrative organs, so as to ensure that the construction of procuratorial administrative public interest litigation system conforms to the nature and law of litigation.

Abstract:The newly revised Rural Land Contract Law provides an effective approach to the introduction of the policy of "separation of three rights", but it still needs to be further clarified and refined. The Civil Code should take the responsibility of repairing. The land contract right in the policy of "separation of three rights" is not the qualification right of land contract, nor a new usufructuary right without identity restriction. Taking the legislation of the compilation of real rights of the Civil Code as an opportunity, we can achieve the policy goal of "separation of three rights" by improving the existing system of usufructuary right, that is, the right to contract and manage land. Based on rural producing and living tradition of "integration of family and land" and based on the consideration of stabilizing land contract and management right, the subject of land contract and management right should be limited to peasant households. The land contract and management rights enjoyed by non-peasant households in the operation of "barren mountains, barren ditches, barren hills and barren beaches" should be separated and included in the scope of land management rights that can be registered and strengthened for protection. Land management right is an obligatory right specially protected by law. It is suggested that the ownership of land management right with a circulation period of more than five years can be registered and thus entrusts it with the effectiveness of confrontation, which can meet the requirements of stability of rights and credibility. The land contract and management right has the function of mortgage, the object of which is the land management right. The land contract and management right cannot be mortgaged due to its identity limitation.

Abstract:Household division tradition and practice have created a steady demand for spare homestead, which is the root of the surplus homestead of Chinese peasants. "One household one homestead" rule is necessary in the constraint of limited land, but this rule is not in line with the actual situation of rural area, and household division tradition and practice make this rule hard to follow. Buyers of homestead and houses with limited property rights from the outside of the rural collective economic organizations are called "foreign villagers", which implies that their rights and obligations are absent in the collective economic organizations. In the perspective of the members of the collective economic organizations, "foreign villagers" don't participate in various daily activities and major affairs in the community of the certain villagers and fail to comply with relevant obligations, which makes them not a real member of the village and excluded from the right of getting the very same compensation as the villagers of collective economic organization in the expropriation, and buyers of homestead and houses with limited property rights agree to compensate the sellers even when they has already signed a contract if the expropriation happens.

Abstract:To promote the health of the whole people, and to win the final success of building an all-round well-off society. Xi Jinping's important elaboration on the people's health fully demonstrates the people-centered times demand, and contains the rich connotation of taking building an all-round well-off society as the strategic goal, maintaining social fairness and justice as the value pursuit, social resources co-construction and sharing as the path, and ensuring the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics as the conditions. In the new era, the important elaboration on the people's health is of great practical value for accelerating the implementation of Healthy China Strategy, promoting the construction of China's health work system, and especially guiding the prevention and control of COVID-19.

Abstract:In the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence is the main driving force. Artificial intelligence as a new tool optimizes government's public administration efficiency, and subtly improves the existing lifestyle, thereby enhancing the people's sense of acquisition, happiness, and security. Artificial intelligence is created by the "subject". People's discovery of technology strictly follows the laws of nature, but the increasingly advanced technology leads to the modernity dilemma of rational expansion of the human subject. The more people depend on technology, the more technically enslaved they are. "The binary opposition between man and machine" is formed. In the context of the country's vigorous development of artificial intelligence, people should rationally use new tools, use philosophical thinking to regulate AI ethics, and have AI thinking.

Abstract:The debate of "benevolence" in Analects of Confucius mainly focuses on whether the concept of "benevolence" has a clear definition and whether it is systematic. In the Analects of Confucius, the essence of benevolence (loving others) and its adjacent concept "virtue" were clearly explained by "abbreviation" in a specific context. Zhu Xi's relevant notes "A truly benevolent person is kind-hearted and knows how to love others" can be taken as evidence. In the Analects of Confucius, it also explained the origin (filial piety), and function (benefiting the country and the people) of "benevolence", and further explained the practical requirements such as "courtesy, leniency, honesty, diligence and kindness", "I want to stand firm, and also let others stand firm; I want to succeed, and also let others succeed", "don't impose on others what you don't like", and "controlling yourself to restore rites", with "love" as their core. The "boundary" is formed by the concepts of "benevolence in it", "near benevolence", "rarely benevolence" and "non-benevolence". Compared with Laozi and Socrates, it was the clearest definition of the concept in the early axis age and had been used up to now. In addition to the explanation of "what is benevolence", the Analects of Confucius also explained how to "be benevolent" and what was "a benevolent person", which was a complete and original Confucian system of benevolence composed of concept, practice characteristics and practice subjects. Based on practical wisdom and social benefits, the theory of benevolence in the Analects of Confucius established the conditions for becoming a benevolent person: having attitude to right and wrong, love and hate; paying attention to the actual performance of "benefiting the country" and "loving the people", who do not demand perfection, and do not just have a reputation. It has important value for the construction of modern human ethics and social progress.

Abstract:Traditional classics need to be read carefully, and the true meaning should be understood on this basis. There are some misunderstandings in the annotations of the Mencius. For example, the original meaning of "Rang" is "taking things falling into your lap", and the meaning has evolved into "theft" after the interpretation that "identification of theft does not consider how much is thieved". "Large mansion" means originally the big house where the king lives and is used to refer to the king, but it is often interpreted as ministers. How Shun got rid of the difficulties when "repairing the granary" and "dredging the well" was not mentioned in the work. Interpreters have made reasonable interpretations based on other materials but may not be in line with the original intention. "Destroying houses to build ponds" means to maintain the living mode of fishing and hunting from the perspective of the development history of human society. Root causes of these errors include the black-and-white thinking mode, contradictions, and transformation of ancient "unsophisticated" expression.

Abstract:Big data is an important engine driving the modernization of ideological and political education. The innovative development of ideological and political education based on big data fusion is not only the trend of ideological and political education in the era of big data, but also the inherent requirement of ideological and political education modernization. The modernization of ideological and political education driven by big data has both theoretical possibilities and practical necessity. In the new era, the modernization of ideological and political education driven by big data should clarify the theoretical relationship between "change" and "unchanged", "cold" and "warm", "advantage" and "disadvantage". Then, from the perspective of internal requirements, fundamental premises, key links, and important safeguards, four practical ideas are put forward to realize the deep integration of big data and ideological and political education.