Abstract:Based on the panel data of each province, this paper analyzes the influence of resource dependence on China's regional economic growth, and discusses its influence mechanism and transmission path by using the panel smooth transformation regression model. In the univariate model, the transmission mechanism that plays a relatively important role in resources and economic growth is the level of opening up. The multi-factor panel smoothing transformation model is more optimized than the single-factor model, and the explanation of economic phenomena is more reasonable. The results show that:resource dependence can cause "curse" to economic growth, and its effect varies with the level of technology input, human capital, industrial structure, manufacturing investment and the degree of opening up in different provinces; under other constant conditions, the big output value of the second industry that is formed by means of the resource dependence has certain restriction effect on economic growth; the difference of the open degree is a typical middle transmission mechanism, which impacts the resource dependence and the economic growth. The backward and forward linkages of resources should be strengthened to avoid the "resource curse".

Abstract:The existence of human capital externality has important practical significance. It is an important decision-making basis for the government to invest in education and human capital. This paper identifies human capital externality from the perspective of industrial plant's productivity using the Chinese Industrial Enterprises database, Census of Population, and China Urban Statistical Yearbook. Considering the endogeneity of urban human capital, we used 2SLS estimation method to empirically study the impact of urban human capital on industrial plant's productivity. We find that the output of industrial plant is significantly and positively correlated with the ratio of urban population with college degree or above after controlling for a plant's own human capital. The positive externalities of urban human capital mainly exist in megacities with population more than 3 million. We also explore the human capital externality within manufacturing industry by dividing the human capital into two parts:intra-industry and other manufacturing industries, we find that the positive externality of intra-industry human capital will increase with the city size growing, while the positive externality from other manufacturing industries will decline with the city size growing. From the perspective of plant's heterogeneity, we find that the productivity gains of hi-tech plants, non-state-owned plants and large plants generated by human capital spillover within cities are greater. In addition, the city's FDI, government's fiscal expenditure and distance to ports have negative effects on industrial plant's productivity. The conclusion shows that it's particularly important for sustainable economic growth in the new era to increase human capital investment, upgrade human capital structure and release human capital spillover effect in big cities.

Abstract:With the rapid improvement of China's urbanization, the new patterns of economic development based on urban network and dominated by industrial agglomeration is increasingly prominent. To this end, combining the theory of urban and environmental economics, this paper measures the polycentric spatial structure of each province by calculating the order index of city size distribution and the adjusted primacy index, and discusses the dynamic influence and mechanism of regional polycentric development mode on urban haze pollution in China by using instrumental variable estimation. The results show that the effect of polycentric space structure on urban haze pollution in China presents a significant inverted U-shaped feature, which is still stable after distinguishing city size and winter heating conditions. Meanwhile, the calculation results show that only a few provinces are in the stage where haze pollution decreases with the improvement of polycentric structure, but the haze pollution in most provinces aggravate with the increase of polycentric level. Finally, the mediating effect analysis shows that market integration and the flow of factors are important ways to improve China's haze pollution through polycentric spatial development model. Meanwhile, market integration, factor flow and polycentric spatial structure could have a significant positive synergistic effect on reducing haze pollution. The findings of this paper provide some empirical evidence and policy inspiration to consider China's future regional spatial development patterns from the perspective of haze control.

Abstract:Chinese economy faces enormous challenges due to the trade friction and COVID-19 pandemic.Thus,the exchange fluctuation of RMB and trade barriers will affect China's export trade constantly.In order to speed up fostering a new development pattern with the domestic large circulation as the main body and domestic-international dual circulations mutually promoting each other,this paper selects the trade data of WTO and other institutions based on the Harmonized System, and calculates the degree of RMB exchange rate misalignment by constructing the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate(BEER) model.Through constructing fixed-effects panel model, this paper studies the heterogeneous impact of RMB exchange rate misalignment and trade barriers on China's export industry.Results indicate that:RMB exchange rate misalignment has a significant negative impact on China's export trade as a whole, and non-tariff barriers have a significant positive impact on China's export trade, the trade barrier composed of tariff and non-tariff and RMB exchange rate misalignment have a significant inhibitory effect on China's export trade,and the impact on different export industries is heterogeneous. The RMB exchange rate misalignment and non-tariff barriers have a significant negative impact on most industries, the positive and negative effects of RMB exchange rate misalignment and tariff barriers on different industries are heterogeneous. Therefore,it's suggested to improve the RMB exchange rate self-correction mechanism by operating "countercyclical factor", to promote the establishment of RMB foreign exchange derivatives market operation mechanism by guiding export enterprises to understand and use foreign exchange derivatives,to implement the differential trade strategy by strengthening the construction of "oversea location" and cultivating the ASEAN market under the RCEP framework deeply,and to accelerate the industrial transformation and upgrading of export industries by enhancing the capacity for sci-tech independent innovation,which can promote the dual circulation and achieve high-quality development of China's export trade.

Abstract:Under the new development pattern of dual cycles, enterprises should take innovation as the basis to treat the transformation and development of the new international and domestic situation. As an important pillar of the national economy, it is of great significance to promote the innovation and development of small and micro enterprises to expand employment and improve people's livelihood. However, the problem of difficult financing and expensive financing hinders the innovation and development of small and micro enterprises. At present, the research on the combination of financing and innovation and development of small and micro enterprises is still very lacking. This article uses data from the China Micro Enterprise Survey (CMES) to empirically test the impact of formal financing from banks and credit cooperatives and informal financing from private loans on the R&D innovation of micro enterprises. The results show that loans from formal financial institutions can help promote micro enterprises to carry out R&D and innovation activities and increase their investment in R&D and innovation. Loans from informal financial institutions will inhibit the R&D and innovation of micro enterprises to a certain extent. Based on this, policy recommendations for alleviating capital constraints to promote the innovative development of micro enterprises have been proposed from both financial institutions and micro enterprises.

Abstract:From the existing research, the researches on the topic of TMT social network and ambidextrous innovation is rich, scholars have conducted in-depth research on the relationship between TMT social network and corporate innovation. However, most studies just have tended to research the direct impact of TMT network on corporate innovation. Based on the social network theory and the knowledge-based view, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the influence of TMT network characteristics on ambidextrous innovation under the adjustment of institutional environment and firm nature. Taking 236 companies as samples, this paper firstly empirically tests the impact of TMT network characteristics ambidextrous innovation, and secondly tests whether knowledge creation has an intermediary role in the above relationship. Finally, it discusses the regulatory role of institutional environment and firm nature. The empirical results show that:TMT network characteristics can promote firm's ambidextrous innovation; Knowledge creation has a mediating role in the relationship between TMT network characteristic and firm's ambidextrous innovation; A good institutional environment can strengthen the positive role of TMT network characteristic in ambidextrous innovation; Compared with state-owned enterprises, the TMT network characteristics of non-state-owned enterprises are more conducive to the success of ambidextrous innovation. The above research reveals the internal mechanism of TMT network characteristics affecting ambidextrous innovation, and provides important evidence for the development of TMT network characteristics and ambidextrous innovation theory.

Abstract:This research focuses on the problem of how to promote radical innovation of enterprises during the process of collaborative innovation. Taking 241 manufacturing enterprises in China as the research object, this paper empirically explores the impact of different types of R&D partners on enterprises' radical innovation and the moderation role of formal/informal appropriability mechanism. The study finds that:1) the higher the collaboration intensity with universities and research institutions is, the stronger the positive impact on enterprises' radical innovations is; 2) Collaboration with users and suppliers also has significant positive impact on radical innovation; 3) The informal appropriability mechanism of enterprises positively moderates the relationship between external R&D collaborative partners and radical innovation of enterprises. It shows that the extent to which an enterprise benefits from collaborative innovation depends on the type and strength of the innovation appropriability mechanism it adopts.

Abstract:Based on the first and second rural surveys in Wuxi and Baoding, this paper explains the decline of rural management agriculture in Wuxi, and analyzes the reasons for the non-development of management agriculture from three aspects:the income equation of renting farmland and employing workers, the increase of opportunity cost caused by higher industrial and commercial development level, and the competition of small family farms. In our opinion, the local high but not high enough level of industrial and commercial development leads to the difficulty of developing management agriculture. Higher industrial and commercial development level means high operating costs and high opportunity costs for developing management agriculture. Not high enough makes the demand of non-agricultural industries not match with the large number of agricultural surplus labor, which leads to fierce confrontation between small family farms and operating farms. We also believe that China's future agricultural and rural modernization road may still present complexity and particularity, and the role played by small family farms may still not be ignored.

Abstract:The funds of coastal defense construction were important task of the late Qing government. The construction of Guangdong province's coastal defense can be divided into three stages. Before the Sino-French war, which was the initial period of modern coastal defense, it began to purchase armored warships and the construction of new types of forts, coastal defense mainly relied on self-funding and only the Guangdong Customs allocated 20,000 taels of silver per month; the Sino-French War until the departure of the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Zhang Zhidong, was the rapid development stage of Guangdong Coastal defense. It raised a lot of funds for coastal defense by borrowing foreign debts, promoting the gambling tax, withholding the central government funds and levied opium tax. At the same time, Guangdong and the Ministry of Households competed for various donations. Guangdong used the wartime system to obtain domination over donation. It can be seen from the fund-raising process of coastal defense funds in different stages that the Guangdong governor has constantly built the province's coastal defense by seeking new sources of finance and applying for the interception of the central government funds. From the financing process of coastal defense at different stages, it can be seen that the governor of Guangdong continues to seek new sources of financial resources, requesting to withhold Beijing's funding and other province funding which need Guangdong to provided, to build coastal defenses in the province. In the process of mutual compromise between the central government and Guangdong, Guangdong gained greater fiscal control.

Abstract:Spices have a wide range of uses and great economic value in Chinese diet, medicine and daily life. The Chinese culture of using spices can be traced back to ancient times, and the introduction of spices from Southeast Asian countries greatly promoted the development of China's spice culture. Among them, the spice trade between Indonesia and China is an important factor that cannot be ignored. The ways of spice trade between ancient Indonesia and China can be divided into tributary trade and private trade. With the development of trade policy and scale, it can be divided into three main historical periods, namely the pioneering period of Han and Tang Dynasties, the heyday of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the decline of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The spice trade between Indonesia and China has had a profound influence to China's cultural life and the economic development of the two countries.

Abstract:As a governance tool, project system has been embedded in the field of higher education in China, and gradually solidified into a common means of university governance. Project system not only brings positive effects such as governance efficiency and governance effect, but also violates academic rationality and academic rules, resulting in certain contradictions between academic governance and project governance, including the contradiction between the certainty, accuracy, uncertainty and fuzziness of governance objectives, the specificity, fragmentation, flexibility and integrity of governance modes, and the contradiction between top-down and bottom-up of power operation. Thus, we should innovate the academic evaluation system and mechanism by strengthening the system construction, and promote the reform of project system. We should adjust and optimize the part of project governance that is not suitable for academic evaluation reform and that does not respect the law of academic development. Then we can not only give full play to the unique advantages and technical rationality of project governance, but also follow the internal logic and development law of academic governance and academic evaluation, so as to maintain a certain tension space between academic governance and project governance.

Abstract:Fund project marking is one of the important part of research integrity, but there were a few misconducts of fund project marking. Based on the fund project marking analysis of 240 thousand papers of the National Social Science Fund of China, anomie phenomenon of fund project marking were analyzed. Dishonest marking, illegal marking, nominal marking, no relationship marking, out-of-date marking, supplement marking and multiple marking were the seven anomie phenomena of fund project marking. About half of funding papers were marked more than one fund project. The higher the quality of papers, the less the number of fund project in the paper. There were weakly correlations between anomie phenomena, disciplines and regions.

Abstract:As an important cultural heritage in China, traditional handicraft has been increasingly confronted with intellectual property protection disputes and intellectual property protection dilemma. This article discusses the limitations of the theory of "division of thought and expression" applied to the protection of traditional handicrafts based on the dual aesthetic structure of "work" and "art" of traditional handicrafts. From the perspective of the coordination of intellectual property functionality and utilitarianism, this article analyzes the legal measures to solve the traditional handicraft's intellectual property protection dilemma. First, we should reexamine the judging criteria of "originality" and clarify its dualistic aesthetic structure. Second, we should improve the copyright licensing system and clear up the reasonable boundaries of the licensing right of previous works. Third, we should transform copyright administration and judicial trial system, and perfect the mechanism on the centralized use and maintenance of intellectual property of traditional handicrafts.

Abstract:By virtue of the blockchain technology, smart contracts in transactions are presentable in the form of code, thereby fulfilling the contract in an automatized and irreversible approach, transcending the traditional contract model. The theory of self-help act and the theory of agency, which are deemed as an external reinforcement to the course of the contract's execution, are only a side explanation in a legal term that fails to grasp the essence. A smart contract does not necessarily cover the entire process of a contract, and instead, it perhaps simply constitutes an aspect or a stage of the contract. The smart contract in legal sense is not a new contract type, but a new development of contractual relationship, i.e., a new form to close and fulfil a contract by the parties concerned, whereas the nature of contract remains unchanged. Smart contract meeting specific requirements will constitute a special written form, which has the characteristics of "written form + automatic performance". When the civil subjects sign a contract by means of a smart contract, they should abide by the Civil Code and the relevant existing laws to ensure the legitimate establishment and validity of the contract. A smart contract is inequivalent to a contract with legal force, so the validity of it should be analyzed in specific scenarios during its application. For the sake of a long-term development of the smart contract, we should establish it in legislation, as well as compile and apply it in compliance with the current laws and policies to legalize the form and standardize the content of it. During the startup age of the technology, paper contract, general electronic contract and smart contract are functioning in tandem with one another in varying scenarios. This will become a principal status for civil contact and business transaction in the future.

Abstract:Based on the historical position of the "new era" and "changes unseen in a century", Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization has profoundly answered a series of major questions in the process of comprehensively promoting the rule of law and the construction of ecological civilization. It is a theoretical system with profound connotation, rigorous logic, scientific ideas and broad vision. First of all, the theoretical construction of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization is self-sufficient. On the theoretical innovation level, Xi has absorbed the essence of traditional culture represented by "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism" culture and developed the Marxist view of ecological philosophy and rule of law. In the aspect of problem solving, the current "four major deficits" crisis has been solved and the Chinese plan has been put forward with the green development concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits as the core. In the global perspective, the concept of "a community with a shared future for mankind" is constructed and the future global ethics are put forward. Secondly, the functional expression of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization is mutually supportive:they guide each other in values and support each other in methodology, and jointly promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. Finally, the environmental code not only carries out the governance thought of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law under the formal rational observation, but also ensures the steady progress of ecological civilization construction by using the rule of law thinking and means. At the same time, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization has been implemented at the level of essential rationality, and an ecological civilization system has been constructed with systematic and holistic methods and the concept of "life community". It not only realizes the systematicness of form and appearance, the openness of structure and content, and the self-appropriateness of logical connection of the environmental code through moderate codification, but also realizes the rationality of system arrangement, the fluency of procedure operation and the stability of legal system through the legislative technical support of "general provisions + specific provisions". Therefore, the environmental code is the best embodiment of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization.

Abstract:There are two ways and three directions in the Amendment of Criminal Law (XI) on environmental crimes. The two types of revisions include patching and adding. The Amendment of Criminal Law (XI) is problem-oriented and strengthens the punishment of environmental crimes from three directions:pay equal attention to environmental protection and resource protection; the relative harshness of penalties; integration of environmental crime governance. Throughout the four revisions of environmental crimes, there has been a fundamental change in the governance of environmental crimes in China, that is, the decline of retributivism and the rise of preventionism, and the governance concept has completely shifted from retributivism to preventionism. In the long run, the governance of environmental crimes should not only change from movement governance to regular governance, but also to restorative governance. There are three main ways to realize restorative governance:first, ecological restoration as a way of assuming civil liability; second, ecological restoration as sentencing circumstances; third, ecological restoration as a means of criminal responsibility.

Abstract:Everything is neat and tidy and "ecological livable" are important parts of rural revitalization. At present, there is a gap between the public environmental sanitation condition in rural areas and the requirements of new socialist countryside. China's rural public environmental sanitation governance has experienced three stages:"spontaneous governance model", "interventional governance model" and "outsourcing governance model". The "interventional governance model" and "outsourcing governance model" are not the optimal governance model, and their own defects may lead to the non-sustainability of rural public environmental sanitation governance. The "three-in-one integration" of rule by autonomy, rule by law, and rule by virtue is an inevitable choice for rural public environmental sanitation governance. Rural public environmental sanitation governance autonomy has institutional dependence and technology dependence, and should be constructed with the autonomous management system and rural environmental protection technology development as a breakthrough. Autonomy should focus on the principle of "measuring strength" and cannot exclude market behavior and social participation. The rural public environmental sanitation governance rule of law system should be based on the improvement of the system, change the legislative situation of urban and rural divides, introduce the implementation system that is compatible with China's legal provisions, introduce artificial intelligence, geographic information and remote monitoring technology, and innovate ecological environmental protection supervision ways and patterns. The function of the rule of virtue in rural public environmental sanitation governance should be realized through two-way incentive education, rural population structure optimization, and rectification of township regulations.

Abstract:Procuratorate bring environmental administrative public interest litigation, which is an important way to promote administrative organs to fulfill their environmental protection duties. Environmental administrative public interest litigation involves three organs:procuratorates, courts and administrations, and the relationship between judicial power and administrative power needs to be handled well. On the one hand, environmental justice is proactive, and it is easy to cause conflicts between judicial power and administrative power; on the other hand, based on the characteristics of judicial limitation and administrative implementation of environmental law, attention should be paid to the problem of judicial modesty. How to understand the modesty of environmental administrative public interest litigation needs to be analyzed from the theoretical and practical dimensions. In environmental administrative litigation filed by procuratorates, we should respect the first jurisdiction of the administrations, the pre-litigation procedures of the administrative public interest litigation, the administrative discretion, and the issue of administrative inability. Of course, this modesty is not absolute. In order to play the role of administrative public interest litigation effectively, we should grasp the limitations of this modesty, by clearly defining the scope of mandatory litigation, determining the requirements of substantive judgments, and respecting litigation settlement, to deal well with the relationship between judicial modesty and judicial supervision.

Abstract:The history of 100 years of exploration and struggle shows that, at the fundamental level, the capability of the Communist Party of China and the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics are attributable to the fact that Marxism works. General Secretary Xi Jinping advocates that China's Communists should regard Marxist philosophy as a special skill, which contains deep logical necessity of history, reality and theory. It is a historical necessity for China's Communists in the new era to inherit the glorious tradition of learning and applying Marxist philosophy. It is also a realistic necessity for China's Communists in the new era to effectively resolve the problems of reform and development with the philosophical thinking. It is also a theoretical necessity for China's Communists in the new era to see through the cognitive premise and methodological significance of Marxist philosophy for the Sinicization of Marxism, and to give full play to the universal and lasting guiding role of Marxist philosophy in order to further promote the Sinicization of Marxism.

Abstract:Cultural industry has both economic production attributes and ideological attributes, which is of extraordinary significance in developing cultural power of China. The proposal of the new development philosophy highlights the new mission of the development of cultural industry, and points out a new direction and gives new drivers to the development of cultural industry in the new era. The new development philosophy strengthens the ideological value leads of cultural industry development and highlights the responsibility of serving a better life and the historical task of shaping Chinese style. By clarifying the close-range and the long-range objectives of the cultural industry, it guides the "dual circulation" development pattern, expands and innovates the new digital mode, and points out a new direction for the development of the cultural industry in the new era. In order to overcome such problems as the unitary development mode of cultural industry, slow transformation and upgrading, and weak cultural consumption, the new development philosophy guides the integrated development of cultural industry and related industries, speeds up industrial upgrading, guides cultural consumption, releases the ability of cultural consumption, and gives new drivers to the development of cultural industry.

Abstract:The order and effectiveness of citizen participation in public service are not directly related. This paper analyzes the relationship between citizen participation and governance effectiveness from the two dimensions of order and effectiveness. In order to improve the governance efficiency, the system design with procedural rules as the core can more fully guarantee the orderly and effective participation of citizens in public services, and realize the benign interaction and orderly cooperation between citizens and the government. Based on the procedural value dimensions of citizen participation such as whole process democracy, procedural rights and community order, and taking citizen participation in the field of environmental protection as an example, this paper constructs the whole process of citizen participation system from the aspects of public announcement mechanism, opinion expression mechanism, response absorption mechanism, supervision and evaluation mechanism and accountability mechanism, and explores the methods and strategies of citizen participation. Through the internalization of procedural value, method innovation and technology transformation of citizen participation, we can promote the modernization of governance system and governance capacity.

Abstract:In the context of the construction of emerging engineering, the high quality development of school of future technology is a strategic measure for the future global talent competition in China. Currently, the first batch of school of future technology has entered the start-up phase. However, the academic circles are still exploring the question of why, what and how to build school of future technology. To this end, this paper takes the emerging engineering education construction of School of Future Technology of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Massachusetts Institute of Technology as cases to analyze. The study finds that the construction of school of future technology is essentially different from traditional various types of top-notch innovative talent training activities. The core of future technical talent training at home and abroad emphasizes the basic concept of student-centered, and they reform the talent training system and mechanism, and restructure various resources and elements based on this. The high-quality development of school of future technology should focus on seeking the overall situation, establishing the system, and reforming reform mechanism. School of future technology should adhere to diversification, high-quality construction and normalization management, and its effectiveness evaluation should extend the cycle, reduce frequency, increase elasticity, and tolerance failure, so as to truly provide a relaxed institutional environment for the training of subversive, innovative and leading talents.