Abstract:Scientific evaluation of the input-output efficiency of economic activities is of great significance for promoting the balanced development of regional economic construction and ecological civilization. Based on the input-output analysis framework, this paper takes 108 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2018 as the research objects, uses Super-EBM model to measure their economic and ecological efficiency, uses kernel density estimation to analyze their spatial and temporal patterns, and uses the network two-stage model to measure their resource and environmental efficiency. The Dagum Gini coefficient is used to further investigate the regional differences and their sources. Finally, the panel Tobit model is used to empirically analyze the driving differences of influencing factors. The results show that: 1) The economic and ecological efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt both decreased first and then increased, and the efficiency of the lower reaches, the middle reaches and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt decreased significantly. The efficiency distribution has the characteristics of "single peak" and "double peak" alternating changes, and the environmental pressure has different effects on the urban input output efficiency. 2) Resource efficiency and economic efficiency are generally similar, while environmental efficiency shows a trend of "long-term slight decline - short-term sharp rise". The main source of regional differences between resource and environmental efficiency is hypervariable density, followed by inter-regional differences and intra-regional differences. 3) Economic development and the innovation ability of input and output efficiency have a positive effect, industrial structure and opening to the outside world have significant negative effects, financial development and fiscal expenditure efficiency have negative effects on resources, the environmental efficiency is positively to the effect of various factors on the middle and lower reaches of the driving effect of significant heterogeneity. On the basis of the research, the paper puts forward measures to improve the regional input-output efficiency, such as establishing cooperation consensus, promoting green transformation, implementing innovative development, expanding green finance, adjusting government intervention, and regulating the introduction of foreign investment.

Abstract:The spatial externality of urban functional connection network is of great significance to explain interregional interconnection and mutual assistance and promote the coordinated development of regional economy. Taking 110 cities at prefecture level and above in the Yangtze River economic belt as the research object, this paper explores the urban functional network structure and its spatial effect of coordinated development under industrial connection: firstly, the urban functional structure system is constructed according to the urban industrial classification and functional characteristics; secondly, based on the perspective of industrial connection, the connection strength of urban functional network is calculated by using the modified gravity model, and the network hierarchy is determined by using the heavy tail classification method; thirdly, the social network analysis method is used to analyze the structural characteristics of various functional networks from three aspects: network spatial distribution structure, network density efficiency and network boundary effect; finally, a spatial econometric model is constructed to test the spatial effect of urban functional connection network on the coordinated development of regional economy. It is found that: 1) There are differences in the structural forms of various urban functional networks in the whole region: the functional network of circulation and public service are distributed in a jumping intertwined connection, and the other three types of functional networks are distributed in a gradient decreasing network of "dense in the East and sparse in the west". 2) All kinds of functional networks in the whole region have similar spatial differentiation: the upstream is developed in the form of Chengdu-Chongqing dual core engine; in the middle reaches, a "three pillars" axle radiation structure with the provincial capital city as the core is formed; the downstream is a flat structure with one core and multiple centers. 3) Urban comprehensive function network has positive spatial spillover effect on regional economic coordination, and this spatial effect has regional heterogeneity. 4) The sub functional networks of industrial linkages have different effects on regional economic coordination: the spillover effect of production function is the largest, and the spillover effect of circulation and public service function is not significant. 5) Under the condition of urban scale heterogeneity, the functional connection network between big cities shows negative spillover, and the functional network of small and medium-sized cities shows positive spillover. Therefore, the following policy suggestions are put forward: striving to optimize the business environment to enhance the connectivity of urban functional networks; consolidating the construction of traffic information infrastructure to release the coordination effect of functional network; optimizing the industrial division and cooperation system to avoid homogenization of urban functional positioning. Innovation: from the perspective of network externality, this paper explores the spatial effect of urban functional network on regional economic coordination based on the dimensions of regional heterogeneity, functional heterogeneity and scale heterogeneity.

Abstract:The Yangtze River Economic Belt spans the east, middle and west of China, which is a typical spatial heterogeneous area. There are significant differences in infrastructure, resource endowment, economic development and technical level among provinces and cities in the region, and the level of logistics competitiveness is extremely uneven. This has led to more obvious problems such as low logistics operation efficiency, weak service capacity and difficult transformation and upgrading in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, which has seriously hindered the overall improvement of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This paper scientifically measures the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, comprehensively understands the spatial pattern evolution of logistics competitiveness, and deeply reveals its influencing factors and spatial spillover effect, which is of great significance for exploring the path to improve the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting the coordinated development of regional logistics. In view of this background, based on the "Diamond Model", this paper constructs the evaluation index system of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from four aspects of production factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, enterprise strategy, structure and industry competition, combined with the characteristics of the logistics industry. The Entropy Weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the logistics competitiveness of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2018.On this basis, this paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis method to investigate the spatial evolution characteristics of the logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities, and constructs a spatial econometric model to explore the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of logistics competitiveness from five aspects of technological innovation, foreign direct investment, industrial structure, government intervention and information level. The results show that there are obvious differences in logistics competitiveness among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and there is a gradient decreasing pattern from the lower reaches to the upper reaches; The logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant spatial correlation. The downstream region presents "high-high" agglomeration, while the upstream region presents "low-low" agglomeration, and this agglomeration phenomenon is relatively stable and has strong path dependence; The logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant positive spatial spillover effect. The improvement of logistics competitiveness of neighboring regions will have a positive impact on the improvement of logistics competitiveness in this region; Technological innovation, industrial structure and information level can promote the regional logistics competitiveness, while government intervention can inhibit the regional logistics competitiveness; Foreign direct investment and industrial structure have a positive spatial spillover effect on the logistics competitiveness of neighboring regions, while technological innovation and information level have a negative spatial spillover effect on the neighboring regions. According to the research conclusion, this paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the aspects of exerting the spatial spillover effect of logistics competitiveness, promoting the coordinated development of regional logistics, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, promoting the integrated development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry, expanding the level of opening to the outside world and improving the international logistics competitiveness.

Abstract:Regional governance is an important meso-level of metropolitan area management, and optimizing regional cooperation mechanisms is essential to the modernization of national governance. In order to clarify the difficulties and opportunities for improvement in the current collaboration mechanism, this paper discusses the participants and demands of institutional collective action in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional collaboration, analyzes the issues of concern and action costs of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei governments, as well as the ways in which different levels of official institutions participate in regional cooperation, explores the operating mechanism in the practice of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional cooperation, establishes the interaction logic among regional variables, cooperation mechanisms, cooperation risks and costs,and analyzes the main dilemma and solution mechanism of regional collective action. The study points out that the evolution of regional problems is the main source of promoting the improvement of regional governance, the basic variables of regional cooperation come from the actual situation of the region, and its root is the political, social, and economic network formed in the region for a long time, including: the existing system, regional structure and regional problems to be solved, the demands and urgency of actors involved in regional cooperation, and the spontaneous collaboration and interaction network between local organizations; Intermediary variables are process variables derived from basic variables in cooperative actions, including: the field and scope of cooperation, the composition of participants, the motivation of actors, and the degree of intervention of mandatory power; The basic variables and the intermediary variables act together on the regional cooperation mechanism and have an impact on transaction costs and cooperation risks, and ultimately affect the benefits and effectiveness of cooperation. In order to alleviate the dilemma of institutional collective action in regional cooperation more effectively, it is first necessary to comprehensively analyze the problem areas, local cooperation networks and other variables involved in the ICA dilemma in regional cooperation, and select a cooperation mechanism suitable for the nature of the dilemma by balancing the efficiency and cost of cooperation. Secondly, we should actively foster multilateral and bilateral cooperation between government agencies at all levels, promote the formation of a flexible, orderly and self-adaptable negotiation mechanism, ensure the self-interest and autonomy of collective actors, and develop the relationship of mutual benefit and trust, so as to obtain a stable impetus for ICA action. At the same time, it is also necessary to establish a common regional goal system, and try to achieve the overall regional goal through compromise and concession between individuals.

Abstract:The decision adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly stated: to optimize the setting of administrative divisions, and to basically realize the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities by 2035. The establishment of administrative divisions is an important institutional plan for national regional governance. The government implements effective administrative management of various regions through hierarchical and block-based regional divisions. Based on the perspective of spatial political economics, the research uses new economic geography theory, scale economy theory, and regional economic coordinated development theory to establish regional economic development spatial planning system (administrative division setting) and urban economic development goals ( The theoretical analysis framework of the mechanism of economic density). The administrative division system includes design and planning in two dimensions: hierarchical and block-based. On the one hand, the functional power and financial scale of cities at different levels are determined through the setting of the administrative level of the city, and a gradient urban hierarchy within the region is established; Coordinate the contradictions between urban economic densities, and realize the government’s planning, design, and policy guidance for the future development of regions and cities by means of resource allocation. Based on theoretical analysis, the study puts forward research hypotheses on the impact of administrative division settings on urban economic density from the three dimensions of administrative level, city size, and size. The study then uses the panel data of prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2017 for empirical testing, and further verifies the research hypothesis through robustness testing, endogeneity testing, mediation effect, and threshold effect analysis. The research found that: administrative level has a significant impact on the increase of urban economic density, and the promotion of administrative level to urban economic density is mainly realized through the two dimensions of government power function and financial capacity; the relationship between city size and urban economic density presents a positive N-type When the population size of the municipal district is between 470,000 and 1.05 million, due to the inconsistency between government governance and the expansion of the city, it shows that the city size has a restraining effect on the urban economic density; the size of the city has a significant effect on the urban economic density. Finally, the study puts forward the following policy suggestions for improving urban economic density through administrative division setting: attach importance to the matching relationship between administrative levels and urban economic development, and coordinate the relationship between the two to promote regional and urban economic and social development; reform and improve the urban scale control system and mechanism,optimizes the problem of diseconomies of scale in urban development; from the perspective of national strategy and top-level design, the planning of the city’s scope is fully optimized, and the urban spatial layout is fully optimized to achieve efficient agglomeration .

Abstract:Red Tourism is a new form of special tourism activities in China, which has a relatively unique network attention space characteristics and influencing factors. On this basis, under the guidance of system theory and from the perspective of time and space, 88 provincial-level cities in six central provinces from 2011 to 2019 were chosen as the study area. Based on the models of coefficient of variation and geographical concentration index, by using Baidu index data, and using the software of Arcgis10.3, this paper reveals the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the attention degree of the red tourism network in 88 provincial-level cities of six central provinces, and constructs the influencing factor model of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the network attention by using the method of geographical weighted regression analysis. This paper reveals the time evolution characteristics of red tourism network attention degree from three aspects of inter-annual change, monthly difference and "Golden Week" distribution. This paper analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics of the Red Tourism network attention degree from the angle of the whole and part of the space, and analyzes the factors influencing the time heterogeneity of the network attention degree from three aspects of the natural factors, the traditional festival and the holiday system. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of red tourism network attention from four aspects of economy, transportation, education and Internet. 1) Red tourism network attention has obvious month and holiday characteristics, and June and October are the main and secondary peaks of annual tourism attention, respectively; "November", Spring Festival and other holidays in the pre-festival, festival and post-festival network attention generally presents a "V" characteristic. 2) The attention degree of red tourism network has obvious inter-provincial difference and inter-city difference, and the high value areas of attention degree are mainly distributed in Taihang Mountain area, Funiu Mountain area, Dabieshan Mountain area, Luoxiao Mountain area, etc.. From the south to the north, the distribution characteristics of "S" type are generally presented, and the inter-provincial differences are gradually reduced, but there are more obvious inter-city differences. 3) Climatic conditions, special festivals and holidays are the important factors that affect the time heterogeneity of Red Tourism network attention; Economic development level, education development level, network development level and traffic development level are the important factors that cause the heterogeneity of red tourism network attention. Focusing on the relationship between global tourism and red tourism in the six central provinces, the paper proposes that the research on red tourism should be guided by the system theory, and that the planning and construction of red tourism should be closely integrated with the global tourism development strategy, to coordinate national development policies and development strategies, take "old revolutionary areas" as the policy opportunity, build the core of regional red tourism development, and realize the development of regional tourism in an all-round way; From the perspective of different disciplines to explore the evolution of red tourism space-time attention law, to enrich the theoretical system of red tourism to provide a practical reference and create innovative research results.

Abstract:Chat GPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by the United States Open Artificial Intelligence Research Center (OpenAI), can understand and respond to natural language input based on the language model of "Generate Pre-training Converter" (GPT), which was officially released on November 30, 2022, and has caused heated discussion and attention in the global Internet, academia and industry in a short time. The AI chatbots represented by ChatGPT and Microsoft Bing are based on huge amounts of data and trained with "reinforcement learning from human feedback" (RLHF). They have three main functions: intelligent interactive dialogue, intelligent content generation, and intelligent document crawling.The core competitiveness of the AI chatbot is to adopt the AI generated content technology (AIGC) and have strong content generation or text generation ability. In addition to generating general applied manuscripts, it can also engage in scientific writing, thus leading and promoting the transformation of the mode of knowledge production and academic research paradigm. The process of knowledge production and academic research will be significantly accelerated, and knowledge producers will be liberated from non-creative labor, the mode of knowledge production will move from "manual" and "semi-automatic" to "automatic" and "intelligent".This change will have a significant impact on the traditional evaluation mechanism of scientific research achievements, and further will have a significant impact on talent evaluation. In general, the application of AI chatbot represented by ChatGPT in academic research will obscure the evolution of academic history of achievements and affect the innovative evaluation of scientific research achievements, and challenge the intellectual property protection system and affect the ownership of scientific research achievements, and bring academic ethical risks and affect the evaluation ecology of scientific research achievements, and impact the basic standards of talent evaluation and affect the objectivity of talent evaluation. In view of the penetration, diffusion and subversion of AI, first of all, we should face it positively rather than passively in ideological understanding, utilize its strengths and avoid its weaknesses prudently, and exert its positive role in promoting knowledge production and promoting academic progress. Secondly, institution construction should be further improved to set up "guardrails" for AI chatbot according to the imbalance between the current relevant laws and regulations and the rapid progress of AI technology. Third, AI chatbot technology open source should be promoted to disclose its intelligent generation logic, and enhance the technical credibility of AI chat robots. Fourth, human-computer cooperation mechanism should be established to give play to the advantages of technology in data processing and human rational thinking, and finally let people check the knowledge production, scientific research achievements and talent evaluation.

Abstract:In the year of 2021, the whole world heard the roar of metaverse which is seen as the stimulant of the capital market and the focus of the academic field. Scholars hold different opinions on the definition of metaverse. Based on metaverse’s operation mechanism and former researches, metaverse can be defined as a mixture of the mirror image of the physical world and a recreated virtual world with the help of internet and communication technology and smart devices as well as supported by the internet, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology. Compared with the traditional network space and the physical space, metaverse has some obvious characteristics: technological superposition, virtual and reality integration, physical immersion and real-time interaction. Like the internet which has been thriving for more than 30 years, metaverse will exert effect on human society and on the new formation of human civilization. First, metaverse will demonstrate time and space from new aspects. Metaverse will create a new virtual universe which will co-exist with the natural universe. As the virtual twin and extension part of the physical world. Metaverse will simulate the real life and change it. When Metaverse comes, human will gain opportunities of taking part in the past affairs, experiencing limitless possibilities in limited lifetime, rehearsing the future life, replicating the physical world, erasing borders lying among different physical spaces when entering into virtual spaces, harboring virtual spaces as a supplement of physical spaces and obtaining a space where imagination can be embodied at a virtual level. Second, metaverse will form a new lifestyle for human society. As a result of the close integration of multiple technologies, metaverse will reshape human’s life. Human’s labor, consumption and spiritual life will be changed, represented by that virtual labor may become an important part of labor, virtual property and virtual service may become popular, and virtual culture may become a new form of spiritual life. Third, it will shape human’s thoughts and behaviors which present new features. When the lifestyle brought by metaverse becomes universal, human’s thoughts and behaviors will be changed that extroversion and introversion, immersion and degradation, moderation and antagonism, striving and imagination, and creativity and dependence meanwhile exist. In the digital world, metaverse will reach an unattainable human society in reality, and become what Marx called "the union of free people" in the virtual world. Metaverse is both an opportunity and a challenge for human. The "immersive" experience created by the metaverse is not a "degenerate" life and cannot be an excuse for addictive game life. The deep virtualization of social relations and interpersonal relationships in metaverse cannot cut off the inevitable connection with the real physical world. The virtual identity, virtual products, virtual markets, virtual business, virtual life, and virtual economy constructed by metaverse cannot be separated from the constraints of ethics, morality and law. To ensure that metaverse can play the role of "benefiting" in human society rather than instigating the crisis of "alienation", it is an important task and mission for metaverse builders to refine and improve the underlying technology to ensure the smooth landing and energy-saving application of metaverse, and lay and consolidate the top-level system to prevent metaverse from violating morality and laws.

Abstract:Data-driven provides a great space for the rise and development of computational social science in social science research, enhances the depth and breadth of social science research, and effectively meets the complexity needs of scientific research. It is of great significance for the development of computational social science to explore the development and evolution of computational social science, and the definition of disciplinary framework and disciplinary structure. By collecting and arranging domestic and foreign literatures in the field of computational social science, this paper clarifies the concept of computational social science, and then sorts out the disciplinary evolution trend, research paradigm, research method and research application of computational social science. On the basis of the classification system of departments and disciplines, the discipline definition and discipline structure of computational social science are studied, and its relationship with the methods and technology disciplines is further analyzed. Then the disciplinary framework and disciplinary structure of computational social science are considered from a disciplinary perspective. Research conclusions: First, the number of foreign papers in computational social science is ahead of the number of domestic papers, and the computational social science research in China is still in its infancy. Second, the research focus of computational social science at home and abroad is different. Domestic research focuses on emerging topics such as artificial intelligence, complex systems, and communication theory, pays more attention to the analysis of data quality in the data-driven process, and emphasizes the use of methodologies such as modeling and simulation, social network analysis, and data mining. Foreign computational social science takes data science as the core, focuses on social media, social networks and complex systems, and emphasizes the use of methods such as social network analysis, agent-based modeling, machine learning, and natural language processing. Third, computational social science is a collection of second-level disciplines under traditional social science disciplines. It cannot be set as a first-level discipline. Digital humanities and computational social science must be strictly distinguished. Fourth, there are certain limitations in the field of computational social science research, and there are also certain deficiencies in height. Fifth, method and technology disciplines are important supports for computational social science, but as a discipline of social science methods and technology, it is not appropriate to set up secondary disciplines of computational social science, such as management science and engineering, and information resource management.

Abstract:The problems in ideological and political education paradigms, as the priorities and difficult points of developing ideological and political education, have attracted attention from academia for years. By far, many influential research findings have been produced in this regard. But some studies misused or abused paradigm phenomena, offered distinctive opinions, or conducted low-level repetitions. The fundamental cause is the lack of depth study of fundamental issues in ideological and political education paradigms. Consequently, the research on other aspects of ideological and political education paradigms hasn’t been established on a uniform and stable foundation. Thus it is crucial to study the fundamental issues in ideological and political paradigms. On this basis, the paper discusses and studies six basic problems in ideological and political education paradigms, including problems in connotations and structures, problems in formation and development, problems in hierarchy types, problems in functions, problems in commensurability, and problems in transition and optimization. Hopefully, its study findings will provide intellectual support for the high-quality development of China’s ideological and political education paradigms.Eventually, six opinions are proposed based on the paper’s study findings. Firstly, ideological and political education paradigm refers to the structural models built and observed when researching, applying, and developing ideological and political education theories. The paradigm structure of political and ideological education consists of the scientific community, frameworks, methodology, and social institutions. Secondly, ideological and political education paradigms take shape in a long process. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the joint efforts of theoretical and practical workers, China’s ideological and political education paradigms have taken initial shape. Thirdly, the hierarchical types of ideological and political education paradigms can be divided into four categories, including research, disciplinary, theoretical, and practical paradigms. Structurally, these four paradigms observe basic regulations on ideological and political education paradigms. Although they are connected and partially overlapped, each paradigm has a distinctive emphasis. Fourthly, the functions of current ideological and political education paradigms are mainly manifested in building a scientific community, dividing the boundaries & normalizing theoretical research and practice, grouping and integrating diverse resources and conditions, and inheriting and creating education wisdom. Fifthly, ideological and political education paradigms have commensurability in form. Generally speaking, these paradigms vary according to the country, class, and era. Nevertheless, mutual exchanges and references can be conducted between different paradigms. Currently, a commensurability exists between China’s ideological and political education paradigms. Sixthly, China needs to optimize rather than change its ideological and political education paradigms. The paths for optimization lie in creating a multi-paradigm development pattern dominated by the disciplinary paradigm and optimizing each part of the ideological and political education paradigm structure.

Abstract:The aim of this article is to conduct comprehensive comb and study of women’s reports in the JinChaJi Daily before and after the outbreak of the Pacific War. The sample consists of all the women’s reports published on the JinChaJi Daily from 1941 to 1942. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including classifying the number of these reports according to the time of publication and subject matter, combining the results of the data with relevant historical facts, the study also gives a longitudinal comparative analysis of the data results in relation to the relevant historical facts, and a qualitative analysis of the content on selected typical report examples, with a view to clarifying in a more systematic manner to the relationship, characteristics and interaction among the women’s reports in JinChaJi Daily, the Communist Party of China’s anti-Japanese struggle in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border area and the development of the Pacific War during the different stages of the war between 1941 and 1942. On this basis, the newspaper’s coverage of this period, its characteristics, influence, historical and practical significance are further interpreted in the light of a comparative analysis of the relevant theoretical evolution in Marx’s view of women, the Soviet and Russian views of women and the Chinese Communist Party’s view of women represented by Mao Zedong’s thought, as well as the different historical and practical cases from China and Soviet Russia. This paper argues that, around the outbreak of the Pacific War from 1941 to 1942, in order to release more armed forces turn into the Pacific Battlefield, Japan was eager to take complete control China and stepped up the encirclement and suppression to China’s anti-Japanese army, which led to a major change in China’s domestic war situation and made the anti-Japanese war under the leadership of the Communist Party of China face more draconian challenges. During this period, as the representative newspaper founded by the CPC in the anti-Japanese base of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area behind the enemy lines, the JinChaJi Daily persistently published women’s reports in the anti-"mopping up", which have various genres while themes focus on the anti-Japanese and anti-fascism, women’s liberation and development, always combine regional, national and international perspectives, were raising the torch of revolutionary ideals and hopes for the Chinese women groups represented by the women in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area at that time. This not only played an important role in promoting the women’s liberation movement and mobilizing women to participate in the anti-Japanese production and combat of the border region, but also made outstanding contributions to the exploration of the New-Democratic social governance path and the cohesion of the anti-Japanese national united front in the border region, and shaped a new position of Chinese women’s reporting on anti-oppression and anti-fascism in the Pacific War of the Second World War. These women’s reports were closely related to the changes of the domestic and foreign situation, dialectically learning lessons from the Soviet Russian view of women, and always combining with the actual life and producing activities of the region and the reality of the anti-Japanese fighting, which were significant theoretical and practical achievements of the Chinese Communist Party’s Sinicization of the Marxist-Leninist view of women during this period. At the same time, these also show the enterprising, hard-working, brave and indomitable spirits of Chinese women represented by the women in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area then. At the meanwhile, some of these ideas, such as how to protect women’s rights and interests, affirm women’s values, shape the multiplicity of women’s roles in society, and actively seek better solutions to common problems in family and society through social cooperation, are important references and lessons for current and future women’s work and social governance in China.

Abstract:The modern handicraft industry of Yunnan and Guizhou experienced three stages: the two-way trade of foreign yarn into Yunnan and Guizhou to exchange opium, the abnormal prosperity of handicraft industry during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the restoration of normality during the War of Liberation. Among them, the two-way trade of opium in Yunnan and Guizhou in 1851 was the symbol of the rise of modern handicraft industry. In 1935, the national government ended the southwestern warlords and issued a ban on smoking, which made its wartime handicraft industry sprout. The official rise began with the ban on smoking, which was strictly enforced in 1938. In the process of the sprouting and rising of the handicraft industry during the war, the strategic transfer of political, economic, military and other needs was an important reason for the national government to strengthen its production.In wartime, the grain of Yunnan and Guizhou could still be "more than self-sufficient", which was based on the important conditions such as abundant mineral resources needed for war and economic construction, the need to revive the national base areas and the strategic location of the transportation center. With the continuous intensification of the situation of the national war of resistance, the strategic position of the rear area of Yunnan and Guizhou has become increasingly prominent. Especially after the national government moved its capital to Chongqing in 1938, the political and industrial construction of Yunnan-Guizhou was strengthened. At the same time, with the prohibition, strict transportation and strict smoking of opium, the two-way trade of foreign gauze and opium in Yunnan-Guizhou was interrupted, and the course of Yunnan-Guizhou war handicraft industry was started. Under the background of machine production during the war, the relatively backward handicraft industry in Yunnan-Guizhou developed again. While promoting the economic and social development of Yunnan-Guizhou and making Guizhou’s "industrial construction just sprout" and Yunnan’s industrial construction "start to establish", there are problems such as import and export difficulties behind the "abnormal prosperity phenomenon".

Abstract:In 1940, the Kuomintang established the Central Planning Board, which was responsible for the planning of political and economic construction. As a planning agency, the Central Planning Board has made certain explorations to the establishment of the planning system. During the period of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government adopted inflation and control policies, coupled with the closure of foreign material delivery channels, The Central Plannign Board the economy was in trouble, and the Central Planning Board was proposed as an institutional solution to the economic difficulties. Sun Yat-sen advocated the separation of powers and functions. On this basis, Chiang Kai-shek proposed to create an omnipotent government and implement planned politics. These are the political governance logic behind the establishment of the Central Planning Board. This logic guided the Central Planning Board to attach importance to experts and establish a planning system. The Central Planning Board took a series of measures to establish and improve the planning system. First, to reform the organizational structure, The Central Plannign board continued to expand the functional groups of the Central Planning Board on the basis of Wang Shijie’s reform, and set up two planning committees for politics and economics and two investigation committees for Taiwan and Northeast China. The second is to gather talents and strengthen ties with universities, scientific research institutes and other associations. The requirements for appointing personnel are quite high, and a large number of overseas talents and engineering and technological talents have been absorbed. The third is to unify planning specifications. In accordance with scientific management methods, the Central Planning Board formulated the planning procedures and planning steps of various plans, used diagrams to explain the demobilization plan preparation procedures for improving work efficiency. The fourth is to publicize the concept of plan construction. The Central Planning Board advocated planned construction by issuing internal publications, organizing the China Planning and Construction Society, and publishing articles in newspapers to create public opinion. Xiong Shihui borrowed the Soviet State Planning Committee and the Japanese General Planning Board as "ideological resources" to enhance the power of the Central Planning Board. The Central Planning Board has made efforts in creating a planning system, renewing politics, creating a planning era, and laying the foundation for planning and construction. Hpwever, due to the deeply corrupt administrative nature of the Kuomintang government, a series of design system plans of the Central Planning Board were difficult to implement.

Abstract:In the context of building the rule of law in China and a beautiful China in the new era, bringing the Chinese-style modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature into the track of the rule of law has the basic guarantee function and strategic support function for taking the path of Chinese-style modernization and building a socialist modern power in an all-round way. The construction of Chinese-style modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature on the rule of law track demonstrates the ecologically good laws and good governance combining formal rule of law and substantive rule of law. It also embodies the pursuit of harmonious development values of coexistence and co-prosperity between man and nature and creates a new form of human ecological rule of law civilization that embodies the complementary effects of socialist ecological civilization and rule of law civilization with Chinese characteristics. The Chinese-style modernization is guided, standardized and guaranteed by the rule of law for the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and its main objectives are to build a complete norm system, an efficient implementation system, a strict supervision system and a strong guarantee system of the rule of law. The construction of this rule of law system is a complex project. While significant progress has been made, there are still many challenges and issues to address. For example, the system and completeness of ecological environment legislation is not enough, and its coordination with the constitution, other departmental laws and inner-Party ecological civilization regulations is not enough; The eco-environmental law enforcement system has not yet reached the goal of benign and efficient construction, and the eco-environmental justice system has not really formed a rational and systematic "green justice" system. Problems are also reflected in the poor working mechanism of ecological environmental protection supervision between central and provincial level and the lack of joint efforts between national supervision and social supervision. In the field of ecological legal guarantee system construction, the political and organizational guarantee, the team and talent guarantee, and the material condition guarantee need to be improved and optimized. In order to continue making progress, it is necessary to adopt a problem-oriented approach, maintain and strengthen Party leadership, establish a mechanism for top-down and bottom-up interaction, utilize a systemic and coordinated methodology of rule of law, and focus on key areas such as filling gaps in ecological and environmental legislation, improving the enforcement of ecological and environmental laws, advancing specialized environmental and resource judicial proceedings, and increasing publicity and education of the ecological and environmental rule of law. It is also necessary to build a Chinese indigenous legal knowledge system that promotes harmonious coexistence between man and nature and to consistently adhere to higher standards and stricter requirements in advancing the Chinese-style modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature on the track of the rule of law.

Abstract:Based on the urgency of ecological harm caused by sudden environmental accidents, the environmental administrative subject carries out environmental pollution control itself or entrusts a third party to control the environmental pollution, and the pollution control expenses thus advanced essentially belong to environmental administrative agency performance cost. Regarding the legal nature of the environmental administrative agency performance cost, at present, there are mainly four views: "public law creditor’s rights theory", "private law creditor’s rights theory", "mixed creditor’s rights theory" and "transformation theory". Since the "transformation theory" is based on the legal relationship between the environmental administrative subject and the parties involved in the collection of agency performance fees, it not only believes that the agency performance fees have the nature of public law, but also believes that the agency performance fees belong to the "subject matter" of the obligation to pay money, not the creditor’s rights, which is more reasonable than the "public law creditor’s rights theory", "private law creditor’s rights theory" and "mixed creditor’s rights theory". In judicial practice, the recovery of environmental administrative agency performance costs mainly involves civil private interest litigation by environmental administrative subjects, civil public interest litigation by social organizations or procuratorial organs, criminal incidental civil public interest litigation by procuratorial organs, ecological environmental damage compensation litigation by "provincial and municipal people’s governments and their designated departments, institutions or departments entrusted by the State Council to exercise the ownership of natural resources assets owned by the whole people", and enforcement applied to the people’s court by the environmental administrative subject. Because the above-mentioned four ways of recovery are either inconsistent with the public law nature of the agency performance costs, or violate the existing legal provisions, or there are many obstacles to implementation, so it is simple to delete the complexity. The way of recovery of the environmental administrative agency performance costs through "enforcement applied to the people’s court by the environmental administrative subject" is more in line with the due meaning of the administrative agency performance of administrative enforcement in China, and should also be the best plan for recovery of the costs, It is suggested to ensure the effective recovery of agency performance costs by including the payment decision of agency performance costs into the scope of applying for court enforcement, correcting the procedure of applying for court enforcement of agency performance costs, and increasing the special way of administrative enforcement of agency performance costs.

Abstract:Data anonymization provides essential technical support for the circulation and sharing of data. Technology variability also brings many obstacles to the legal regulation of data anonymization. Under the current technical background, China’s anonymization of personal information faces risks such as uncertain identification standards and reversible identity re-identification. The technical risks generated by anonymizing personal information significantly challenge personal privacy interests. The current result-oriented regulatory means lack flexibility in the regulation of personal information anonymization, and it is difficult to mitigate the uncertain risks brought about by technology. Balancing the conflict between individual privacy, corporate economic, and public social interests is the ultimate goal of anonymizing personal information. The superiority of the risk control-oriented concept eliminates the shackles between the realistic demands of data protection and ideal value judgments at the conceptual level, replacing the result-oriented concept. It provides a more practical approach to bridging thinking for the endogenous data compliance and self-regulation of information processors, the protection of rights and the use of data of information subject, and offers new possibilities for the legal regulation of the anonymization of personal information. The legal framework of personal information anonymization with the concept of risk control as the core aims to achieve a dynamic balance between the validity and practicability of data and designs legal mechanisms around reducing the risk in the process of anonymization of personal information. The excellent governance of personal information anonymization regulation can be realized by imposing corresponding information processing risk assessment obligation on information processors. Without the support of normative documents, the risk assessment and evaluation standards of anonymizing personal information are difficult to quantify stably in practice. Therefore, in terms of legal regulation of personal information anonymization, it should be advocated that the protection of the rights of personal information subjects should be the core of anonymization processing of personal information, and the rights of the information subject should be realized by giving the information subject corresponding data rights in the process of information processing. The anonymization of personal information is based on the premise that personal information can be identified, and the definition of personal information should be judged on a case-by-case basis based on specific scenarios. Therefore, the identification of anonymous data should also be understood in a dynamic and scenario-based manner. In terms of implementing risk control means for anonymizing personal information, relevant privacy risk assessment mechanism should be established to provide straightforward data utilization guidelines for information processors and regulate the behavior of information processors.

Abstract:Artificial intelligence law research should guard against the "academic foam", and the construction of artificial intelligence criminal rule of law should be based on the real problems of China’s local practice, focusing on the harmful behaviors of artificial intelligence that can really challenge China’s criminal law. The new AI crime belongs to typical administrative crime. In the early stage of the development of AI technology, the AI criminal law should shape the administrative pre-legislative method, specifically including two legislative models: "pre-administrative illegality" and "pre-administrative procedure". Among them, "administrative" refers to the illegal administrative evaluation in the static normative level and the procedural and experiential administrative evaluation in the implementation of dynamic administrative procedures of the constituent elements such as AI behavior, while "prepositive" refers to administrative evaluation precedes criminal responsibility determination of the AI criminal behavior. Compared with the legislation of information network crime and computer system crime, the practical characteristics of the harm of AI technology lie in the deep learning of AI and the extension of algorithm technology to human activities in time and space. Therefore, in order to embody the characteristics of administrative pre-legislation in AI criminal law system, legislators need to pay special attention to comprehensive and dual rules. Administrative pre-legislation helps to ensure the professionalism of criminal liability, focusing on the technical characteristics of AI challenges, and achieving the level evaluation of different algorithmic technology hazards. When designing specific administrative pre-legislation rules, legislators need to apply the characteristics of the rules to the development of AI technology and the testing, production, sales and use of AI products. To be specific, first, for the legislation of administrative illegality, criminal law should focus on the evaluation of the sales and use stages of AI products, set up abstract dangerous crimes for the sales of AI products that do not meet administrative standards, and add new charges or relevant provisions covering administrative illegality norms for the dangerous acts of manufacturing safety accidents, dangerous driving, illegal invasion, and system destruction during the use stage of AI products. Second, for the legislation of administrative procedure, criminal law should focus on the evaluation of the research and development stage of AI technology, as well as the testing, production, sales and use stage of AI products. The pre-legislation of administrative procedures plays an essential role in the supervision of public services of administrative acts. Administrative licensing, registration, ordering and other procedures can ensure the development of AI technology and the testing, production, sales and use of products, in line with human ethics and technical safety. The pre-legislation of administrative procedures requires that criminal law should set up relevant charges separately, and take administrative licensing, registration, order and other procedures as the criminal law regulation buffer and risk prevention means in the early stage of the development of AI technology.

Abstract:The endless emergence of new online shopping formats has brought new challenges to patent infringement disputes, it is difficult to determine the regional jurisdiction of internet patent infringement cases due to the uncertainty of place of infringement. In judicial practice, different courts have different judgment positions on the issue of whether the court in the receiving place of online shopping has jurisdiction. The Supreme People’s Court established the ruling rule of regional jurisdiction excluding the place of receipt in the cases of objection to jurisdiction over patent infringement disputes such as Gree and Aux, which provided guidelines for the judgment of similar cases. Through the analysis of 185 cases of objection to jurisdiction, it is found that the judgment logic of affirming or denying the jurisdiction of the court at the receiving place of online shopping centers on the elements of the information network tort and the identification of the place of tort. It should be made clear that the primary principle followed by the internet patent infringement jurisdiction norms is the certainty of jurisdiction, while taking into account the territorial nature of patent rights. In judicial adjudication, it is first necessary to clarify that Articles 20 and 25 of the Judicial Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law are not the basis for the court in the place of receipt to obtain jurisdiction. Secondly, the online shopping receipt process is an independent process in which the patented product is separated from the actual control of the seller, so the place of receipt cannot be interpreted as the place where the patent infringement is committed, nor is it the place of direct result of the patent infringement. Then there are exceptions to this rule. In some cases, the principle of the closest connection may be applied to the interpretation of the place of infringement, and the place of receipt of online purchase can be regarded as a special conflict rule for the jurisdiction of patent infringement. It is worth noting that in the current legal provisions, the connection point of the regional jurisdiction of network copyright infringement includes the source of information, and Article 25 of the Judicial Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law can be directly applied, but this article cannot be expanded to cover the acts of network trademark and patent infringement. Finally, the application of the rule should take into account integration with other separate IP laws. It is necessary to clarify the specific connotation of the place where the infringement result occurs in the patent infringement litigation, so as to maintain the formal uniformity of the legal rules of various separate laws of intellectual property rights. In terms of the integration of the regional jurisdiction rules of foreign-related patent infringement, it is a more economical jurisdiction choice to take the place of receipt of online shopping as the jurisdiction connection point.

Abstract:Under the party application doctrine model, the main obstacle to the poor operation of "execution to bankruptcy" in China does not lie in the distribution of proceeds of execution, but the limited protection of interests has resulted in insufficient motivation for the parties to agree, coupled with the lack of legislation on ex officio bankruptcy, made "execution to bankruptcy" inefficient finally. The difficulties of execution withdrawal and bankruptcy launch have inspired the innovations of "execution to bankruptcy" in China, Article 82 of the Civil Execution Law (Draft) in 2022 stipulates the launch mode, which adjusts the parties’ consent to the compulsory starting with terminating the execution procedure, and determines that the bankruptcy court should accept it in principle, which adds an ex officio provision, thus establishing Chinese bankruptcy launch model that "party application doctrine mainly, ex officio doctrine complementally". A comparative examination of extraterritorial countries and regions shows that while the party application doctrine is the dominant approach, the ex officio doctrine has not been completely abandoned. The reason is that the state should consider public interests in execution and bankruptcy proceedings, and that bankruptcy interests are properly part of them. The ex officio doctrine requires that, even if the parties object, judge can end the proceedings which does not violate the procedural rules, as long as there is no need for further proceedings. In terms of money execution, the centralized execution model in China takes the debtor’s entire responsible property as the subject of execution, laying the foundation of compulsory "execution to bankruptcy" and the convergence of the two laws. The essence of "execution to bankruptcy" is the state’s intervention plan to purify the market and realize the rapid clearance of specific subjects. As a result, the development direction of the "execution to bankruptcy" is to declare ex officio bankruptcy and apply summary proceedings to quickly liquidate the debtor. State intervention in execution and bankruptcy is appropriate for reasons of public interests. However, the unrestricted universal application of compulsory "execution to bankruptcy" will, to a certain extent, infringe both substantive and procedural rights of the parties, and over-consume the judicial resources, thus depriving it of its legitimacy. In response, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between civil execution law and bankruptcy law, and to realize their functional boundary and institutional coordination, while providing sufficient procedural safeguards for the parties. In other words, the dialogue in execution should be used to moderate the compulsory effect of ex officio doctrine, the principle of formalisation should be used to eliminate the solvency of the debtor, including property, credit and labour, and the review of bankruptcy interests should be used to exclude unnecessary "execution to bankruptcy", thus limiting the scope of compulsory application. To provide institutional provision and effective safeguard for creditors’ rights realization and debtors’ legal interests protection.

Abstract:The process of the CPC leading the Chinese people to achieve common prosperity is a process from theory to practice, abstract to concrete, and partial to the whole. Since the founding of the CPC, common prosperity has gone through four stages: initial exploration, tortuous exploration, initial development, and all-round progress. The basic historical experience of upholding the overall leadership of the Party, upholding reform and opening up, and putting the people first has formed. The report to the 20th CPC National Congress solemnly declared that building a great modern socialist country in an all-round way is the central task of the Communist Party of China from now on, and common prosperity is the essential requirement of Chinese-style modernization and Chinese characteristics. The theory of common prosperity in the new era has rich connotation, broad extension and its own system. In terms of goals, it has realized the unification of overall prosperity and comprehensive development. In terms of content, it has covered the unification of material prosperity and spiritual prosperity. In terms of process, it has involved the unification of co-construction and shared prosperity. In terms of space, it has integrated partial prosperity and overall prosperity. In terms of form, it has designed the unification of general prosperity and differential prosperity. Marxism-Leninism is the theoretical source of common prosperity in the new era. Marxist classical writers’ important thoughts on common prosperity, such as the direction and goal, material basis and institutional guarantee, provide scientific theoretical support for common prosperity in the new era. The theory of common prosperity in the new era is a scientific theory that has grown up in the excellent cultural soil of China. The fine traditional culture of China has cultivated the cultural foundation of common prosperity, the revolutionary culture has tempered the cultural foundation of common prosperity, and the advanced socialist culture has nourished the cultural foundation of common prosperity. To achieve common prosperity in the new era, we need to make good use of the world outlook and methodology of Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era on the basis of passing on good historical experience. We need to enhance the "material cake" of common prosperity with high-quality economic development, enhance the "spiritual cake" of common prosperity with high-quality spiritual civilization construction, and enjoy the "cake taste" of common prosperity with high-quality balanced mechanism construction. To achieve high-quality economic development, it is necessary to ensure that the "material cake" will not be downgraded by "stabilizing" the macroeconomic market. to promote the "material cake" to achieve new growth by "seizing" the innovation and development engine, and to ensure that the "material cake" will not change its taste by "holding" the bottom line of safe development. To promote the construction of high quality spiritual civilization, it is necessary to enhance the quality sense of "spiritual cake" with excellent cultural construction, to enhance the sense of the times with scientific and technological civilization, and to enhance the identification of "spiritual cake" with the reform of education sharing. To build a high-quality balance mechanism, we need to use an efficient income distribution mechanism to help all people enjoy the "cake", a fair social security mechanism to help all people enjoy the "cake", and a durable health protection mechanism to help all people enjoy the "cake".

Abstract:Common prosperity is an important connotation of Marxist thought, the common expectation of all the people, and an important part of Chinese-style modernization. Issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China’s economic and social development restrict the realization of the goal of common prosperity. Solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers which helps farmers and rural areas to be affluent is the due meaning of bringing about common prosperity. In order to effectively develop rural areas, the CPC Central Committee has comprehensively deployed the strategy of rural revitalization, which is crucial to make the prosperity of farmers come true, promote the process of agricultural modernization and narrow the gap between the development of urban and rural areas, and finally bring about the goal of common prosperity. Rural revitalization cannot be separated from the important support of human resources. Human resources in rural area are the necessary basis for realizing the general objectives and requirements of rural revitalization. However, the development and allocation of human resources in rural area are faced with practical dilemmas, such as weak attraction of talents, significant outflow of human resources, mismatch between surplus labor force structure and rural development needs, and imperfect education and training system. In order to remove the obstacles of human resources in rural area, we must strengthen the development and allocation of human resources in rural areas. Human resources services is of great help for rural talents revitalize by broadening the introduction channels of rural talents, promoting the rational transfer of labor force and improving the development of surplus labor force, so as to realize the overall revitalization of rural areas. However, there are three obstacles to the promotion of human resources services in rural area: the demand side of human resources services in rural area is not fully developed, and there is a dislocation between objective needs and subjective use consciousness. The efficiency of rural human resource service supply side is insufficient, and the supply content and supply subject can not meet the practical needs of rural human resource service. The policy carrier construction of rural human resources service in rural area is insufficient, and the policy system to promote the self-development of the industry and promote human resources services to sink into the countryside still needs to be further improved. In this regard, under the background of solidly promoting the progress of the goal of common prosperity, it is urgent to optimize the supply of human resources services to promote rural revitalization. First, we should strengthen publicity and guidance, and improve the recognition level of the industry by increasing the attention of government departments, expanding the publicity surface by using new media technolog. Second, we should strengthen government purchase, clarify the positioning of government and market in the supply of human resources services, and improve the mechanism of government purchase of human resources services. The third is to improve the institutional system. We should strengthen government supervision to create a good institutional environment for the development of human resources services and strengthen the institutional design of human resources services to promote rural revitalization and improve relevant planning and supporting measures. Fourth, we should enrich the service formats of the industry to meet the needs of rural revitalization and development, strengthen the development and optimization of relevant products and services, and continuously optimize the supply of rural revitalization services.