Abstract:The analytic hierarchy process is used to construct an evaluation index system for the quality of international trade development, and the data envelopment method (DEA) and the total factor productivity (TFP) index based on the input-output analysis perspective are used to measure the efficiency of urban foreign investment use and urban transportation efficiency, and further the entropy method is adopted to measure the quality of the international trade development of China’s urban agglomerations. On this basis, GIS spatial trend surface analysis and spatial evolution pattern analysis are used to study the evolution of international trade development of China’s 19 urban agglomerations, and explore different international trade development paths and spatial evolution trends of urban agglomerations in east, middle, west and northeast regions. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is used as a key research object to observe the evolution of international trade development over the years. The study finds that the efficiency of foreign capital use, total factor productivity, and the quality of international trade development of urban agglomerations all show obvious spatial structure characteristics of "high in the east and low in the west". Among them, the scale and efficiency of foreign capital use and the cluster effect of international trade in the eastern urban agglomeration are particularly leading, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is a vivid epitome of the level of international trade development in the eastern urban agglomeration; the central urban agglomeration has a higher total factor productivity of international trade, but the quality of international trade development within the urban agglomeration is quite different; in the western urban agglomeration, the provincial capital, central municipality has great cluster effect advantages, but the quality of international trade development within the urban agglomeration is severely polarized; among the urban agglomerations in the northeast, the international trade development quality of the central and southern Liaoning urban agglomeration is better than that of the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration, but the overall urban agglomeration in the eastern region scale efficiency is low. The article puts forward policy recommendations to improve the quality of international trade development in urban agglomerations in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions.

Abstract:The 14th Five Year Plan clearly proposes to promote the deep integration of modern service industry with advanced manufacturing industry and modern agriculture, and accelerate the digitization of service industry. Stabilizing and optimizing the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Double-city Economic Circle is a major measure to build a dual cycle strategic layout. Improving the level of industrial integration and development not only provides a solid foundation for enhancing the international competitiveness of industries in Chengdu-Chongqing region, but also provides an important path for accelerating the overall upgrading of the "dual circulation" industrial chain. The article first uses the entropy weight method and the modified model of coupling coordination degree model to evaluate the development level of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in the Chengdu-Chongqing Double-city Economic Circle from 2010 to 2020, as well as the coupling coordination level between industrial systems, and characterizes its spatiotemporal distribution pattern. Further, the paper constructs a panel data model to comprehensively test the dynamic factors that affect the industrial integration and development of Chengdu Chongqing Double-city Economic Circle. The research results show that: firstly, the overall level of industrial development in the Chengdu-Chongqing Double-city Economic Circle is on the rise, with relatively low agricultural index, stable industrial development and significant increase in service industry index. Secondly, within the study area, the development level of Chengdu-Chongqing Double-city Economic Circle industrial integration is concentrated between 0.30 and 0.49, and the overall coordination degree is low. The distribution range of regions with high levels of industrial integration and development has evolved from north to south, gradually becoming a "ring". Thirdly, technological progress, talent resources, and infrastructure are positively driving the integration and development of industries in the Chengdu-Chongqing Double-city Economic Circle. Market demand, fiscal finance, and foreign trade are underutilized as drivers influenced by the fragmentation of administrative power. In response to the above issues, the article proposes policy recommendations from accelerating the construction of regional market integration, enhancing the modernization level of the industrial chain, and improving industrial regional cooperation mechanisms.

Abstract:Digital finance breaks the bottleneck of limited traditional brick and mortar outlets and improves the availability of financial services, thereby directly or indirectly alleviating rural poverty. What impact does it have on the income gap of rural residents is a meaningful theme. Based on the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, the authors use the Recentered Influence Function Regression (RIF)method to study the impact and mechanism of digital finance on the income gap among rural households from the perspective of income structure. The study shows that digital finance has a significant effect on reducing poverty and increasing income for rural residents, and can widen the income gap within them. Specifically, the development of digital finance can increase rural residents’ salary by increasing their employment, but due to differences in education level and social network, the salary gap among rural residents is showing a widening trend. the development of digital finance directly eases credit constraints and promotes the breadth of financial coverage, thereby improving the operating income and property income of rural residents, however, due to the existence of "practical differences" and "self-exclusion", the operating income gap and property income gap is showing a widening trend. Furthermore, through the analysis of heterogeneity of capital, it is found that effects of intensifying internal income gap among high-physical capital owners, high-social capital owners are significant, which is further verified our hypotheses. Based on the above conclusions, the following suggestions are proposed: firstly, we should actively pay attention to the level of elementary education in rural areas, expand the population base receiving education in rural areas, and improve the breadth and depth of digital finance knowledge promotion. Second, relevant departments should guide traditional financial institutions to develop digital information platforms, carry out digital transformation, and expand and strengthen online business channels. Thirdly, relevant departments should draw on new business models such as the Grameen Bank to supplement the imperfect development of digital finance in rural areas. This paper suggests dynamically monitoring the development of digital finance, strengthening digital rural performance, improving rural residents’ financial literacy, encouraging financial products innovation and channels diversification for rural vitalization.

Abstract:High-quality development is an important strategic goal for China’s social development in the 14th Five-Year Plan and beyond. As the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important link between the east and the west, and connects the north and the south, General Secretary Xi Jinping has held three seminars to plan and orient the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This shows that the government attaches great importance to the role of the Yangtze River Economic Zone as the "main force" in high-quality development and demonstrates China’s determination to build a new model of coordinated regional development. Using the panel data from 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt spanning from 2011 to 2020, this study seeks to incorporate the digital economy, optimized allocation of capital, labor, and land resources, and high-quality development into a cohesive analytical framework. Additionally, it aims to investigate the influence of the digital economy on the high-quality development. Simultaneously, we empirically analyze the Matthew effect, spillover effect, and threshold effect of the digital economy in facilitating the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt using panel uantile, spatial, and threshold models. The findings indicate that the digital economy has a significant positive impact on the high-quality development, and the conclusion has good robustness. The test on mechanism identification reveals that the digital economy can facilitate high-quality development by rectifying the misallocation of capital, labor, and land resources. The test for heterogeneity results indicates that the enabling effect of digital economy on the high-quality development of the downstream area and non-resource-based cities is relatively stronger, and there is a "Matthew effect" of urban highquality development level, that is, the higher the level of urban high-quality development is, the stronger the enabling effect of digital economy is. Further research shows that this influence has spatial spillover effect and threshold effect on urban digital characteristics. As a result, the paper recommends expediting the establishment of digital China, harmonizing competitive regulations and development approaches among urban areas, achieving the unrestricted flow and effective distribution of resources, and providing momentum for the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Concurrently, it is crucial to establish a support system for the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, enhancing policy preferences and financial backing for resource-dependent cities within the region, refining talent attraction policies, fostering a favorable entrepreneurial climate, drawing in high-caliber professionals for innovation and entrepreneurship, and addressing regional imbalances and disparities in development.

Abstract:As one of the important economic factors, energy is the cornerstone of national economic stability and development. Affected by multiple factors such as the new crown epidemic, geopolitical risks, and extreme weather, the global energy crisis may further intensify. As the world’s largest energy consumer and net importer, and affected by exchange rate fluctuations and the global energy crisis, China’s traditional energy exports have been structurally unbalanced. The authors select six countries with high traditional energy export volumes, including Australia, the United States, and Russia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Indonesia among the "Belt and Road" cooperation countries, as the research objects, and collate the traditional energy import data of China from these six countries from 2006 to 2021,firstly, introduce the influence factor of multilateral exchange rate fluctuations according to the OFDI trade effect theory, and use the trade gravity model to study the impact mechanism of multilateral exchange rate fluctuations, energy foreign direct investment (OFDI) and international energy strategic cooperation on China’s traditional energy imports. Secondly, based on international investment theory, a test model of multilateral exchange rate fluctuations and energy OFDI two-factor and multi-factor adjustment mechanism on China’s traditional energy imports is constructed, and the adjustment effect of multilateral exchange rate fluctuations on energy OFDI imports is analyzed. Finally, according to the theory of international trade, the comprehensive impact path of exchange rate, investment and energy strategic cooperation on China’s traditional energy imports is analyzed, and the influence of "petrodollar" on China’s traditional energy imports is studied. The results show that multilateral exchange rate fluctuations have a significant inhibitory effect on China’s traditional energy imports, among which the unilateral exchange rate imbalance of RMB has the strongest inhibitory effect, the inhibition effect of bilateral exchange rate fluctuation is the second, and the inhibitory effect of third-party exchange rate fluctuation is the weakest. Energy OFDI has a significant import promotion effect on China’s traditional energy imports, and the construction of international energy pipeline connectivity has a significant role in promoting China’s traditional energy imports. At the same time, the analysis of the adjustment effect of multilateral exchange rate fluctuations and energy OFDI dual factors and multiple factors on China’s traditional energy imports shows that the unilateral exchange rate imbalance of RMB and bilateral exchange rate fluctuations have an enhanced effect on the import promotion effect of energy OFDI, the exchange rate fluctuations of third-party countries have a restraining effect on the import promotion effect of energy OFDI, and the comprehensive interaction of multilateral exchange rate fluctuations has a significant regulating and promoting effect on the import effect of energy OFDI. In the short term, the "petrodollar" still plays an important role in the international traditional energy trade market, and the fluctuation of the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar is still a key reference item in international investment decisions. Therefore, China should continue to promote the optimization of energy supply and demand structure, vigorously develop new energy, actively layout and promote the "new energy + RMB" strategy in international trade, empower the green transformation of energy, and help China’s energy security; Promote the "RMB-oil" strategic layout by further expanding the settlement scope and share under the current account of RMB among countries along the "RCEP" and the "Belt and Road"; Deepen international energy trade cooperation by strengthening energy trade dialogue with Russia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and other countries, and promote the diversification of China’s energy investment regions; In addition, China should also guide enterprises to follow the concept of "exchange rate neutrality" in energy trade and investment decisions, encourage enterprises to incorporate hedging into daily financial decisions, avoid energy exchange rate risks, and improve the adaptability of enterprises to the new normal of two-way exchange rate fluctuations.

Abstract:The "Belt and Road" is an important development initiative made by Chinese government, coordinating the domestic and international situation, aiming at encouraging the extension of global value chains and promoting regional economic development. Since its introduction in 2013, it has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars and has produced rich and insightful academic results. In this paper, we compare and analyze the differences between domestic and international researches on the "Belt and Road" in terms of publication number, cooperation network, research content and trends. This article aims to provide academics and practitioners with a bibliometric overview of the "Belt and Road" field. To ensure high quality visualization results, irrelevant papers such as conference abstracts, newspaper and book reviews were excluded. And finally, 15916 research literatures derived from CNKI and 1265 articles from Web of Science Core Collection, published from October 1st, 2013 to October 31st, 2020 were analyzed by the CiteSpace with regards to cooperation network and keyword co-occurrence network. The findings of this paper are as the followings. 1) In the author cooperation network, the domestic authors have a weak cooperation relationship, and mainly focused on the cooperation relationship between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road"; the oversea authors have a slightly stronger cooperation relationship with each other, and mainly focused on the port transportation network of the Maritime Silk Road and the development situation of China at home and abroad. 2) In the institutional cooperation network, both domestic and international research institutions have more cooperative relationships. The top four domestic institutions of publication number are Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Renmin University of China, Jilin University and Peking University; and the top four international institutions of publication number are Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University and National University of Singapore. 3) In the national cooperation network, China, Russia, South Korea and Canada are the countries with the earliest attention to the "Belt and Road" research; the countries with higher publications are China, USA, Russia, the United Kingdom, etc.; Switzerland, Italy, Sri Lanka and Australia are the most frequent cooperation with other countries. 4) In terms of research scope, the key words of the topic in 2015 began to cover various research areas, involving "trade facilitation", "regional economy", "geopolitics", etc. As time goes by, the keywords also cover "global governance", "cultural industries", "energy consumption", etc. Relatively speaking, the scope of domestic research is broader, involving "a community with a shared future for mankind", "opening up", "cultural communication", etc. 5) In terms of research trends, domestic keywords are mainly related to regional economic research, and the current domestic research is more concerned with agricultural trade and talent cultivation; and the keywords of international studies are mainly related to the world economy and global governance.

Abstract:Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,as the cultural chapter of Xi Jingping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, is a significant theoretical innovation in the cultural field of China in the new era. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture clarifies the primary political task of is ideological and cultural work is to arm the entire Party and educate the people with the Party’s innovative theory. It proposes a new cultural mission to continue promoting cultural prosperity, building a strong cultural country, and building a modern civilization of the Chinese nation from a new historical starting point. It clarifies that cultural development requires firm cultural confidence, openness and inclusiveness, and adherence to the basic principles of integrity and innovation. It proposes the requirements of the times to make efforts to strengthen the leadership of the Party in promoting ideological and cultural work, focus on building a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leadership, cultivate and practice socialist core values, enhance the dissemination and guidance of news and public opinion,continue the Chinese cultural heritage, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture, promote the prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and strengthen international communication capabilities and promote cultural exchange and mutual learning. showing that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has reached a new level of understanding of the laws of socialist cultural construction, and has raised its confidence in history and culture to a new level.The text is based on a triple logical analysis framework of theory, history, and practice, interpreting the profound connotation of this idea and refining its basic characteristics as clear and coherent application; Ideological weapon and people’s center;practicality, openness and inclusiveness highlight the leadership and the historic achievements made in the promotion of ideological and cultural undertakings in the new era, clarifies the new direction pursued in the promotion of ideological and cultural work in the new era, indicates the significance of the roadmap and task book for promoting thinking and cultural construction in the new era, It provides inspirations for firmly adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in the new era, firmly believing in the openness and inclusiveness of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, and adhering to the original mission of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.It demonstrates the scientific, practical, and open nature of this ideology, guiding the development direction of China’s socialist cultural construction, and injecting stronger driving force support into China’s new journey towards a socialist cultural power.

Abstract:Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and it is a theoretical summary of the experience of the Party in leading cultural construction. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture emphasizes the important role of cultural construction in realizing Chinese path to modernization, and puts socialist cultural construction in a prominent position in the overall work of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics. Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics includes three kinds of great culture of fine Chinese traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture. Fine traditional Chinese culture comes from the history of civilization for more than 5000 years of the Chinese nation. Revolutionary culture and socialist culture originate from the revolutionary struggle of the Communist Party of China, and the cause of socialist construction and reform. Although the three kinds of great culture have their own social and historical conditions, they are all organic components of the Chinese culture tradition. The three kinds of great culture also have their own value boundaries and play a unique role in Chinese path to modernization. The fine Chinese traditional culture shows the wisdom of the Chinese nation, condenses the common value concept of the Chinese nation, breeds the common ideals and beliefs of the Chinese nation, and provides a civilized gene for Chinese path to modernization. The scientific theory of Marxism in revolutionary culture is the value leadership of Chinese path to modernization. New democratic culture provides a cultural development direction for Chinese path to modernization. The revolutionary spirit pedigree shapes the spiritual quality of Chinese path to modernization. In the advanced socialist culture, Xi Jinping Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era indicates the direction of Chinese path to modernization. Core Socialist values provide value guidance for Chinese path to modernization. The spirit of patriotism and the spirit of reform and innovation provides spiritual motivation for Chinese path to modernization. The three kinds of great culture come down in one continuous line, are constantly evolving and sublimating, and are jointly shaping the cultural life of the Chinese nation and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Abstract:The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the combination of Marxism and excellent traditional Chinese culture, and since then, Party and state leaders have repeatedly mentioned this proposition on different occasions. How to recognize and understand this combination? What is its theoretical orientation? Some researchers have expressed profound theoretical insights from macro perspective of cultural thought, but they have overlooked the specific space-time scenarios in which this proposition was proposed, resulting in a deviation from the essence and characteristics of the combination of the two thoughts. In fact, combining Marxism with excellent traditional Chinese culture is a cultural policy of China in the new era,and its theory aim is sinicization and modernization of Marxism, and its theoretical orientation is Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.This is the result of the CPC’s response to the theoretical needs of the times in the new era. In competition with Western theories, the competitiveness of Chinese cultural theory is not strong enough to meet the development needs of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, the contradiction between supply and demand in Chinese cultural theory is a dilemma in the current development of Chinese social culture. This dilemma is attached great importance to by Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,and it has stimulated the ideological power that the Communist Party of China planned to develop Chinese cultural theory.So the Communist Party of China made cultural policy and plans,through the theoretical method of combining Marxism with excellent traditional Chinese culture,summarized experience of Chinese history and practise,and then Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has come out.Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is an open theoretical system that is advance with the times,including the cultural problem domain,subjectivity, methodology, epistemology, functionalism and other systematic cultural theories of the new era.It not only provides a development roadmap for the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, nurtures new cultural life forms for China, but also lays a cultural theoretical foundation for the spiritual independence of the Chinese nation and the enhancement of its cohesion. So the combination of Marxism and excellent traditional Chinese culture is a theoretical method of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,and it is a key clue of understanding Xi Jinping Thought on Culture of Marxism position and theoretical innovation.

Abstract:Productivity is reflected in practical representations as the specific ability of humans to utilize and transform nature according to their own needs. Social development and progress are the results of iterative upgrading and catalytic fusion of productivity from old to new, from low to high. General Secretary Xi Jinping grasps the tide of scientific and technological revolution of the times, analyzes the situation of China’s economic development, grasps the strategic and historical initiative of Chinese path to modernization, and creatively puts forward the concept of new quality productivity. From its original meaning, new quality productivity is a new quality and high-quality productivity, represents a new type of leap that distinguishes itself from tradition and surpasses old quality productivity. It is a highly efficient and high-quality ability to utilize and transform nature, driven by strategic emerging and future industries under the guidance of technological innovation. It has the leading role of the new technological revolution and is a productive force driven by high-tech. It has the foresight of empowering new industries, and relies on emerging and future industries. It has the purpose of high-quality development and is a productivity that serves a high-quality and beautiful life. From a creative perspective, Xi Jinping’s theory of new quality productivity innovatively develops Marx’s theory of productivity quality with the theory of productivity new quality, enriches and expands Marx’s theory of productivity development with the theory of productivity factor innovation, and innovatively develops Marx’s theory of productivity progress with the theory of productivity level leap, which is the sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy, and has opened up a new realm of sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy. The proposal of the concept of new quality productivity reflects the new trend of productivity in the new era shifting from accumulation of quantity to the integration of quality driven by breakthroughs in quality. At the same time, the concept of new quality productivity achieves qualitative development of various elements of productivity, providing new ideas for the overall leap in productivity level. From the perspective of meaning, the core of new quality productivity is total factor innovation, the carrier is modern industry, and the purpose is high-quality development. In response to its fundamental and overall role, it has become the meridian that runs through the Chinese path to modernization system engineering. In the new era and new stage, the proposal, formation and development of new quality productivity will help promote industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, form new competitive advantages with industrial upgrading, accumulate new momentum of development, achieve high-quality development of China’s economy, and further help comprehensively promote Chinese path to modernization with high-quality development.

Abstract:Medical humanities are an important symbol of the development of human civilization and the wisdom crystallization of historical practice. In ancient China, with a long history, medical humanities had rich connotations and profound thoughts, which were scarce resources shared by the whole world. The systematic thinking and experience accumulated by the ancients on disease, treatment, prevention, health and life are invaluable. Disease was not only a realistic description of an individual’s physical and mental illness, but often beyond the meaning of medicine itself and endowed with deep political, social, cultural, moral and other connotations. "Putting people first", "respecting morality and virtue", and "high medical excellence" were the ideological essence of medical humanities, which were multidimensional, interdisciplinary and comprehensive. "Medical benevolence" was the best expression of medical humanism. The essence of medicine was the pursuit of the truth of life and death, exploring the rise of life’s meaning and value. "Health" referred to the optimal functional state of individuals in which they were in a state of "consists of spirit and form", "reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium" and "harmony between heaven and man". It is an ontological issue of medical humanities and has universal significance as a human community. The therapeutic perspective in the context of "great health" was an important foundation for the establishment of "medical humanistic spirit". Ancient China advocated "the use of the Tao to govern the arts", guided the application of medical technology with humanistic spirit correctly. The idea of "treating diseases before they occur" reflected the ultimate goal of medical practice, which was to advance from "treating diseases" as the main focus to "health" as the goal. The emphasis on "people-oriented" emphasized the integrity of "people" as medical objects, and emphasized the practical existence and spiritual problems of human life, fundamentally changing the "patient-centered" approach. Ancient China advocated using technology by Tao, i.e., to guide the use of medical technology with a humanistic spirit, and insisted on the principle of treating the disease before it happened, pushing towards the goal of health. Medical humanities in ancient Chinese could provide valuable ideological resources and references for building disciplines of medical humanities with Chinese characteristics, promoting the strategy of Healthy China and improving the human health index.

Abstract:Disability deeply affected Yu Xiuhua’s love and life. Her emotions and desires were ignored for a long time, and poetry became the only way to convey them. The impact of disability on her is not only at the life level, but also at the psychological and spiritual level. By examining the repeated writing of love and desire in his poems, a gradual psychological logic can be reconstructed: inferiority, depression, collapse, explosion, submergence and promotion, a process like spiral rise. Because of her disability, she was discriminated and humiliated, unable to get love, and her desires could not be relieved. Over time, the frustrations gradually turned into inferiority, depression and strong self-doubt and self-judgment. The accumulation of these negative emotions inevitably led to collapse and outbreak, so it was shown as the writing of indulgence in poetry, which was the way to seek self-redemption, otherwise life would be blocked and ruptured like ducts. Yu Xiuhua’s love and desire writing did not stop there. "I Love You" shows the improvement after catharsis. The poem promotes love from relationship to essence, thus thoroughly getting rid of the dependence on the outside. The subjectivity and meaning of individual being are fully demonstrated. This process enhanced her understanding of love and her realm of life. Yu Xiuhua’s writing about love and desire is not only an arduous journey in the struggle against disability, but also a heavenly journey to highlight subjectivity and strengthen the meaning of life, showing her purgatory-like mental process of rapprochement with fate. Yu Xiuhua’s writing not only plays the role of personal redemption, but also provides exemplary inspiration for people in similar situations and enriches the imagination and expression of love in new Chinese literature, so it is a special specimen with irreplaceable significance.

Abstract:Shanxi piaohao is not entirely the receiver of the Revolution of 1911, and its response to the revolution is the key to seeing its rise and fall. As the birthplace of the revolution, many branches in Hankou faced serious market risks and operational challenges before the Wuchang Uprising. In terms of the market environment, the financial panic in Hankou was still ongoing, and the focus of the piaohao’s business has shifted from exchange to deposit and loan. This means that if there is a slight carelessness, the piaohao involved in the bank’s business chain will face the dilemma that the loan cannot be recovered. In terms of operating conditions, due to the impact of the external environment, the number of branches has generally shown a decreasing trend, and the operating performance has plummeted. After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Hankou was deeply in turmoil. Through the interaction with Shanxi piaohao headquarter, Hankou branches focused on solving the problems of preserving bills and books, contracting and adjusting business, and liquidating creditor’s rights and debts. However, due to the suddenness of the revolution and the information lag caused by long-distance communication, the headquarter has always been unable to come up with effective response plans. At that time, branch managers actually had the authority to independently handle local affairs. In this process, businessmen are more inclined to maintain the existing economic and social order in the face of serious social anomie. This appeal was rooted in its disadvantageous position in response to the political revolution, that is, the piaohao branch was forced to withdraw or relocate, and the financial operation was forcibly interrupted, resulting in a large number of bad debts, especially when the measures taken by the piaohao merchants to prevent the run and the crisis of bad debts through various forces had little effect, the trust gap between them and the new government also widened. The coping mechanism of merchants fully proves that the Revolution of 1911 did not lead to the fundamental decline of the piaohao. The operating pressure and turbulent political situation exacerbated by the regime change reshaped the development path of Shanxi piaohao, which was embodied in the attitude of refusing financial transformation and the management strategy of downsizing in the early Republic of China. Between transformation and contraction, businessmen chose the latter rationally and prudently. The so-called missed historical opportunity to transform into a bank is just an ideal presupposition of historical development scenarios by later generations.

Abstract:In the digital economy, data plays an increasingly important role, but the dominant undertaking with large amounts of data often deny other undertakings’ access to data with the intention of monopolizing data resources. It is necessary for the competition law to regulate the refusal of data access by the dominate undertaking through essential facility doctrine, so as to realize data access and promote the circulation and utilization of data resources. Combined with the development history of essential facility doctrine, the application of essential facility doctrine in the context of the digital economy requires strict conditions. These conditions include: under the precondition that the undertaking has a dominant market position, firstly, data needs to constitute an essential facility which means that data is indispensable for undertakings to participate in market competition; secondly, the negative effect of the dominant undertaking’s refusal of data access is obviously greater than the positive effect; finally, there is no reasonable reason for the dominant undertaking’s refusal of data access. It is only after the above conditions are met that the dominant undertaking needs to be under an obligation to allow data access. On this basis, the competition law needs to refine the specific requirements for data access and its possible relationship with the personal data protection law and intellectual property law to make data access more operational in practice. Specifically, there are three main competition law requirements for data access: first, other undertakings’ access to the data should be fair; second, other undertakings’ access to the data should be realistically practicable; and third, other undertakings’ access to the data is subject to the payment of a reasonable fee. In terms of the relationship between competition law and personal data protection law, on the one hand, personal data protection law hinders to a certain extent the access to data by other undertakings; on the other hand, there is a unity of value between personal data protection law and competition law. In terms of the relationship between competition law and intellectual property law, in most cases, it is legitimate for a dominant undertaking to deny other undertakings’ access to data protected by intellectual property rights, but the dominant undertaking also needs to be careful to exercise its rights within reasonable bounds and not to abuse its intellectual property rights to restrict data access. In the era of digital economy, it is necessary for China to incorporate essential facility doctrine into the normative system of antitrust law, and at the same time, design the specific content of data access in relevant legal norms and guidelines, and strengthen the coordination with the protection of personal data, intellectual property rights and other relevant legal norms, so as to realize the localized construction of data access, promote market competition, and explore the great value of data.

Abstract:The current concentration-distribution model of government data opening not only has the chronic disease of over centralization, but also is difficult to ensure the overall effect of data distribution. In the process of data concentration, the data of multiple nodes is difficult to converge to the central node. In the process of data distribution, the data of central node is difficult to transfer to multiple nodes; In the process of data utilization, multiple nodes are difficult to interact with the central node. In view of this, it is necessary to change the current model of government data opening and seek a new technical support for it. Blockchain is an ideal technology to solve the problem of government data opening. Through four kinds of mechanisms including communication, storage, security, consensus, blockchain can ensure data flow, overcome single point of failure and bureaucratic organization limitations as well as promote the government to change its functions and enable multiple subjects to participate in data opening. However, when the single blockchain technology is applied to the opening of government data, it is still in danger of circumventing supervision, solidifying errors, cracking algorithms and re-centralization. There are problems that decentralization, security and scalability cannot be realized at the same time. Facing the technical demand of government data opening and the ternary paradox of blockchain technology, this paper introduces the concept of sovereign blockchain to explore the path of government data opening that can realize the compatibility of centralized sovereign state supervision and decentralized blockchain technology. There is a connection between sovereign blockchain and government data opening. Sovereign blockchain is a governance technology which can integrate institution and technology as well as has the function of distributing and concentrating. Relying on sovereign blockchain, we can build a government data opening model with government guidance and joint governance of nodes. Specifically, sovereign blockchain is composed of public blockchain, consortium blockchain and private blockchain. This structure helps to overcome the ternary paradox of single blockchain technology. Therefore, in the process of government data opening, we can choose appropriate blockchains according to different data types and application scenarios, and then create a sovereign blockchain of chain governance by building a public blockchain platform for the public, promoting the consortium blockchain governance of collaborative institutions, and strengthening the private blockchain isolation of functional departments. In government data opening based on sovereign blockchain, the public blockchain with distributed and open characteristics is conducive to the sharing of underlying data and the access of the consortium blockchain. The consortium blockchain can not only build a data sharing platform between government departments by limiting the participating nodes to a limited range, but also establish a legal chain by embedding the public blockchain, and place the blockchain under the sovereignty framework to ensure national supervision. The data on the public blockchain will be tested by the consortium blockchain, in which sensitive data will be retained on the private blockchain, and other data will be transmitted to the public from the public blockchain. The private blockchain is used to provide a secure storage environment for the diverted sensitive data.

Abstract:The emergence of private power in the civil field can be traced back to market monopoly at the earliest, but the emergence of platform as a business structure and organizational model has unexpectedly and rapidly expanded the derivative space of private power. By imitating the state to provide market, communication and other infrastructure or public services, internet business platforms in this process in a self-empowering way master a kind of management of the market within the platform. With the increasing maturity of big data and cloud computing technology, this power has also gained the connotation of resource allocation and rule-making due to the market-government attribute of the internet business platform. Platform operators can not only rely on the real-time monitoring and analysis of big data to overcome the blindness of production, but also obtain the optimal solution of market investment within the platform. It can also use information technology to achieve low-cost and efficient governance of the market within the platform. However, it cannot be ignored that the form in which private entities provide public services and obtain management rights inevitably makes such rights have significant private attributes, and the progress of internet technology will also make it convenient for platform private power to infringe users’ rights and interests: After directly or secretly collecting a large amount of user data, platform operators use big data and cloud computing technology to complete the portrait of individual users, and finally use the algorithm model to achieve differentiated pricing for different consumers, so as to achieve the purpose of eating the surplus of consumers. The frequent occurrence of big data discriminatory pricing, while increasing the risk of consumer privacy disclosure, deprives consumers of surplus, reduces consumers’ trust in the network trading market, also goes against the development concept of sharing, and ultimately hinders the development of China’s digital economy. From the perspective of existing regulatory methods, the Anti-Monopoly Law is not only unable to curb big data discriminatory pricing of small and medium-sized platforms, but also difficult to effectively deter big data discriminatory pricing of large platforms through the abuse of market dominance system. However, in the face of platforms that possess a large amount of data and are far more rational than individuals, the Consumer Rights Protection Law cannot balance the strength gap between consumers and platform operators within the platform. At the same time, concepts such as price discrimination and price fraud cannot be used to explain big data discriminatory pricing. Therefore, it is necessary to define the scope of data collection of internet commercial platforms by adopting white list system from the governance logic of restraining private power, and empower the users and operators within the platform to oppose the exercise of private power of the platform, strengthen industry self-discipline and introduce third-party supervision, so as to ensure the stable and healthy development of the digital economy of China while curbing the exercise of private power of the platform.

Abstract:In recent years, cross-border data flow has become the new normal of digital economy. As the legal control of cross-border data flows by various nations produces new types of trade barriers and obstructs the release of global economic vitality, the topic of trade regulation of cross-border data flows has increasingly gained broad attention. The trade regulation of cross-border data flow at the global level is faced with a balance problem between the two regulatory objectives of good data protection and free data flow. This involves a number of interests, including personal privacy, national security, and free flow of data. Currently, due to the social, cultural, political, and economic variations between each country, it is challenging to come to an agreement on the value judgment of the regulatory objectives. For trade regulation of cross-border data flows, reducing differences between various regulatory objectives becomes a crucial task. The exception clause, as a flexibility rule, with special institutional function, can harmonize various regulatory objectives, achieve the compatibility effect of a dynamic balance among various regulatory objectives, and lessen the tension between the need for public policy reservations and the development of an open digital trade environment. The exception clause is an important part of cross-border data flow trade regulation, mainly including three types of WTO exception clauses, CPTPP exception clauses, and RCEP exception clauses. The way exception clauses are designed under various paradigms differs greatly in terms of structure, language expression, conditions of application, etc., as well as their ability to balance and harmonize the degree to which various regulatory objectives can be met. Each has its own advantages, but it also faces different degrees of difficulty and uncertainty in application. China’s participation in the construction of new rules for cross-border data flow has become an unavoidable task, and we should make full use of the institutional functions of exception clauses to enhance the export capacity of China’s institutional discourse power. In the choice of exception clause paradigm in China, first, based on the intrinsic benchmarks, it is necessary to improve domestic digital rule of law, clarify the basic position of cross-border data flow regulation, seek system coordination effects, and avoid vicious system competition. Second, it is necessary to seek external strategies and adhere to the gradual strategy of functional transformation, and develop from pursuing loose or vague exception clauses to clear exception clauses and gradually from pursuing pragmatic and flexible contract cooperation to binding rule cooperation.

Abstract:With the deepening of the application of new information technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, remote sensing and telemetry in environmental supervision practice, technological empowerment has become an important way to carry out environmental governance at present and in the future, and it has also become the background of environmental law codification. However, technology empowerment not only improves the efficiency of environmental governance, but also challenges the existing paradigm of environmental law. First, the intervention of new information technology in environmental practice leads to new injustices, which challenges both substantive environmental justice and procedural environmental justice. Second, the environmental legal rules lag behind the governance requirements, because in the environmental legal regulation scene, the algorithm program dominated by technical codes can become the environmental legal rules at the actual level, which will lead to the imbalance of rights and obligations. Third, the extensive use of emerging information technology in the process of environmental supervision may lead to risks such as data distortion, algorithm bias and regulatory capture, which affect the effectiveness of environmental regulatory departments in the process of decision-making, supervision, management and implementation. With the compilation of environmental code on the agenda, how to balance the risks and benefits of technological empowerment has become an urgent problem to be solved. Because technological empowerment environmental governance breaks through the existing environmental law paradigm, there appears the phenomenon of de-artificial environmental governance scene and on-line environmental legal regulation, which means that technology has become an intervening factor in the field of environmental governance and environmental legal regulation. As a result, the practice of environmental governance is faced with the situation of detachment of social system and regulation system. It can be seen that in the era of big data, we should not only pay attention to the specific issues such as the text structure and normative system of the compilation of the environmental code, but also provide theoretical support for the study of the future pattern of the environmental code based on the needs of the paradigm transformation of environmental law. Therefore, the codification of environmental law under the background of technological empowerment should ensure governance efficiency while disenchanting technical risks, and gradually move towards an intelligent environmental code. First, it is necessary to shape the concept of a new environmental code and reconstruct the relationship between environmental law and emerging information technology, so as to respond to the impact of technology empowerment on traditional environmental justice, and then form a common value that can be accepted by the environmental law community, to realize digital environmental justice. Second, we should transform environmental legal rules combined with emerging information technology, realize the communication between environmental legal rules and technical codes, and innovate the form of environmental legal rules on this basis. Third, the intelligent environmental code should pay attention to risk prevention, achieve a balance between risk and income, and use emerging information technology to establish an intelligent environmental risk prevention mechanism to improve the efficiency of environmental risk prevention and control in advance, during and after the event.

Abstract:The construction of a comprehensive legal system for ecological environment security is an important content and key support for the construction of a human community with a shared future and the establishment of an overall national security concept, in which the overall national security concept, with non-traditional security as the core, emphasizes that national security governance should be equal and synchronous in the construction of basic security in areas such as ecological environment security. The macro ecological security in the context of national governance and the intermediate perspective ecological environment security in the context of the rule of law should be defined as synonymous concepts. The latter is separated from environmental security, resource security and ecological security in the same legal system in connotation, but related in extension, and jointly constructs a general legal interpretation of the concept of ecological environment security in both dynamic and static dimensions. Looking back at the legal practice of ecological environment security in China, there are inconsistencies in legislation, including the accuracy and interpretation of the establishment of legal concepts, the certainty and arrangement of legal principles. In terms of law enforcement, including the establishment of the regulatory system, the construction of the regulatory system, and the operation of the regulatory mechanism, there are certain flaws and loopholes. When faced with the conflict between the localization, nationalization and ecological integrity of ecological environment governance, they are in a governance dilemma. In view of this, building a comprehensive legal system for ecological environmental security has become the approach to address the governance dilemma: transforming ecological security from a macro strategic policy to a medium level legal norm, clarifying the connotation and extension of the concept of ecological environmental security in the legal perspective, establishing the basic legal principles of ecological environmental security in environmental law, and forming an environmental legal norm system that closely combines purpose–principle–rule. And the legal order pursuit of the ecological environment security principle is radiated and infiltrated into the adjacent department law, becoming the cornerstone of construction of the overall ecological environment security rule of law system. Decomposing the legal norms related to ecological environment security into a micro regulatory system, a prevention, control and governance system with ecological environment standards as the core, a monitoring and early warning system with ecological environment data as the carrier, and a communication and collaboration system in the form of a platform should be gradually established. In addition, the preventive civil public interest litigation system with ecological environment risk as the central axis, the administrative litigation system based on ecological environment subjective (public) rights, and a criminal justice system with the ecological environment legal interests as the core should be built which will become barriers to the construction of the overall rule of law. The control of extraterritorial and exogenous ecological environmental risks needs to rely on extensive and goodwill international cooperation and written and strict international rules. This process should also run through the rule of law to contain or inhibit the accumulation of science and technology, and ultimately meet the sustainability of the ecological environment and even economic and social development.

Abstract:The construction of China’s self-independent knowledge system of legal science is to build a legal knowledge system that covers all disciplines of Chinese legal science and highlights Chinese academic autonomy, originality and practicality. This is the general requirement of China for the research of philosophy and social sciences, and it is also the responsibility and expectation of scholars in the current academic research. As an important part of the legal academic community, no matter the law column of comprehensive journals or professional legal journals, they should contribute to the construction of China’s self-independent knowledge system of legal science. It is the mission of academic journals to compile and publish original, independent and practical legal achievements. The importance of the topic of law paper is self-evident, under the trend and requirement of constructing China’s independent legal knowledge system. To determine the cutting-edge, original and breakthrough topic is the first step for an excellent law paper to write. In the new era, the research requirements of the topic selection of law papers should be changed from the original introduction, comprehensiveness and generality to the independent, original and realistic topic selection, to the prominent problem consciousness and clear research purpose. It not only requires that the research topic should constantly strengthen the issue orientation and form the issue consciousness, but also puts forward new requirements for the grasp of the direction and content of the research issues in the issue consciousness, which is the basic starting point of legal academic research, and an important standard for journals to judge the quality of legal papers. When editors set columns in the journal, they should try their best to guide the legal research achievements to flow into this goal and form research forces. The scientific research method gives legal research a new perspective and topic selection direction, and the pluralism of legal research method promotes the new change of topic selection of legal papers. And the appropriate title design will make the content of the topic of the law paper clear and accurate. When determining the title of an article, two kinds of titles need to be treated with caution: the homogenized title should be strictly selected; academic judgment is required for titles that are self-explanatory and overly decorative. Therefore, how to face the Chinese problem, refine the Chinese problem and solve the Chinese problem are new requirements of the times, and they are also important missions of the law circle and the periodical circle. This requires that the topic selection of legal papers should take these as research direction and basic requirements, and the research methods should be deeply developed. The legal academia and the periodical circle should practice this goal with a high sense of responsibility in academic research.

Abstract:The spirit of struggle is the excellent political character of the Communist Party of China, which is bred in all stages of China’s revolution, construction, reform and development, and runs through all fields of internal affairs, foreign affairs, national defense and running the Party, state and army. To carry forward the spirit of struggle is not only the spiritual code for the historic achievements and changes of the Party and the state, but also an important magic weapon to open up a new world for career development in the new era. From the perspective of philosophical dialectics, the spirit of struggle is the conscious product of purposeful practice and the reflection of human struggle practice at the level of consciousness. From the dimension of purpose, the spirit of struggle is to achieve the dialectical unity of the transformation of the objective world and the transformation of the subjective world. Struggle is to transform the world that will not satisfy people, through the struggle of production to achieve great material enrichment, through class struggle to coordinate the interests of all classes, through the struggle of scientific experiments to achieve the leap-forward development of production and society. Only by personally participating in the practical struggle to change reality can we obtain the true knowledge of things. From the perspective of object dimension, the spirit of struggle is the dialectical unity of scientifically grasping the object of struggle and the object of alliance, and correctly handling who to struggle and who to unite is the basic premise for winning the struggle. From the perspective of methodology, the spirit of struggle is the dialectical unity of flexible use of strategies and tactics, which should be formulated around the main contradictions in society, oppose both the left and the right, and be reasonable, beneficial and restrained. From the perspective of spiritual dimension, the spirit of struggle is the dialectical unity of courage and prudence, which needs to overcome one-sided views and mechanism, connect courage with prudence, and achieve the dialectical unity of courage and prudence, fear and not fear, contempt and attention. From the dimension of value rationality and instrumental rationality, the spirit of struggle is the dialectical unity of all for the people and all depending on the people, which answers the questions of for whom and depending on whom in the struggle of the practical subject, for whom is related to the value rationality of the struggle, and depending on whom is related to the instrumental rationality of the struggle. The dialectical unity of the two is the basis for ensuring the final victory of the struggle.

Abstract:In recent years, major public health security incidents have occurred frequently around the world, testing the governance level and governance capabilities of various countries. Major public health and safety incidents can easily trigger various negative social emotions, which not only affect the mental health of social members, but also undermine the people’s feelings of good life to a certain extent. Taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example, negative social emotions such as group panic, group anxiety, group anger, and group indifference have been prevalent for a long period of time, becoming unfavorable factors affecting social harmony and stability. Actively regulating negative social emotions caused by major public health events and strengthening the construction of social psychological service system are urgent needs to alleviate social conflicts, are important means of innovating social governance, and are also inevitable requirements for satisfying the people’s pursuit of a good life. Negative social emotions induced by major public health and safety incidents are large-scale and sustained, which formed after experiencing several important evolutionary stages such as emotional generation, emotional development, emotional outburst and emotional contagion under the dual effects of internal factors and external environment, having basic characteristics such as universality, specificity, explosiveness, and contagiousness. The internal motivations for the generation of negative emotions in major public health security incidents are expressed at four levels: social needs stimulate the arousal of negative social emotions; risk cognition promotes the differentiation of negative social emotions; psychological expectations promote the strengthening of negative social emotions; and herd mentality triggers the contagion of negative social emotions. The external effects of negative emotions generated in major public health and safety events are reflected in four aspects: the polarization effect of conflict of interests stimulating negative social emotions; the convergence effect of social justice inducing negative social emotions; the expectation effect of social prejudice strengthening negative social emotions; the diffusion effect of media communication triggering negative social emotions. Only by scientifically grasping the mechanisms and patterns of the generation of negative social emotions in major public health security incidents, strengthening social psychological guidance and humanistic care in major public health security incidents, and effectively regulating negative social emotions in major public health security incidents can we cultivate rational and peaceful people and ensure the sound and orderly development of the country’s social, political and economic development. Countermeasures to deal with negative social emotions in major public health security incidents include: paying close attention to people’s actual needs and blocking the sources of negative social emotions; promptly adjusting people’s risk perceptions and implementing isolation of negative social emotions; rationally guiding online emotional interactions to enhance the convergence of positive social emotions; fully guaranteeing the emotional support system and creating a positive social and emotional atmosphere.