Abstract:The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out that China has successfully promoted and expanded the Chinese modernization. As the basic regional complex in China's urban system, the development of townships has gradually taken the satisfaction of people's life as a foothold, and has carried out profound practice in the process of China's modernization. The development goal of Chinese modernization puts forward new requirements and challenges for comprehensively promoting the development of Chinese townships. To fully promote the development of Chinese townships, it is necessary for Chinese townships to recognize the position in the development of the new era, analyze the development characteristics and realistic basis in the whole modernization process, and explore the new path of realizing modernization development. Based on this, the article proposes that townships modernization is the basic component of promoting Chinese modernization, and townships is an important carrier of constructing new-type urbanization, an important support for promoting urban-rural integration, and a strategic engine for realizing rural revitalization. Further, from the historical development and realistic conditions of townships, the paper discusses that townships have a solid foundation in the construction of economic activity development area, population flow gathering area, historical and cultural inheritance area and livable life model area. In terms of economic development, the function of township economic activities has begun to take shape in modern times. The rise of township enterprises has promoted the development of township industry, and then promoted township to undertake more economic activities. In terms of population flow, the population flow between city, town and countryside is more frequent. With the revitalization of rural areas and the development of towns, the attraction of towns to the floating population is increasing, and the population agglomeration function is more prominent. In terms of history and culture, famous towns and villages carry the cultural values of different historical periods. From the famous town of Chinese history and culture to the famous town of Chinese characteristic landscape tourism, it reflects the inheritance of history and culture and the construction of characteristic landscape. In terms of livable life, building beautiful livable townships is an important part of building a beautiful China, and townships have achieved certain results in the cultivation of industrial systems, infrastructure construction, supporting public services, and ecological environment management. In view of the practical basis of China's townships development, the paper puts forward the path and measures to promote the modernization of China's townships development. On the basis of adhering to urbanization and agricultural and rural modernization, we should start from the "four high concepts" to consolidate the foundation of China's township modernization development: to open wider to the outside world and achieve a high level of opening up, to promote the vitality of economic factors and promote high-quality development, to improve the quality of public services and create a high quality of life, and to innovate social governance models and explore efficient governance. It is expected to provide decision-making reference for comprehensively improving the quality of China's townships modernization development and formulating accurate townships development policies.

Abstract:At present, when the economic development has entered a new normal, it is of great significance for China's tourism industry upgrading and sustainable economic development to explore the development trend of tourism industry in China's urban agglomerations and the climbing law of tourism industry competitiveness. The formation and development process of urban agglomeration is also accompanied by the development process of urban agglomeration tourism industry, which shows that with the passage of time and the "competition-cooperation game" of inter-city tourism industry, the competitiveness of urban agglomeration tourism industry is gradually rising. In this study, the geometric expression of the evolution law of tourism industry competitiveness in urban agglomerations is obtained by constructing a mathematical model, and the evaluation index system of tourism industry competitiveness in urban agglomerations is constructed based on six criteria layers of the improved diamond model. The competitiveness scores of tourism industry in cities of urban agglomerations in China are calculated by using CRITIC objective weighting method, and the comprehensive scores of tourism industry competitiveness in 19 urban agglomerations in China are calculated by using weighted average method, and descriptive statistical analysis and global spatio-temporal evolution analysis are carried out. Finally, the method of simulation verification is used to fit and verify the climbing law of tourism industry competitiveness in China's urban agglomerations, and then explore the development path of tourism industry competitiveness in China's urban agglomerations. Through the above research, the following three basic conclusions can be drawn: 1) The competitiveness of tourism industry in China's urban agglomerations shows a stepwise upward trend in time series, and the central cities of urban agglomerations are constantly playing a "competition and cooperation game" with surrounding cities to form an urban agglomeration tourism industry community, thus promoting the overall competitiveness of tourism industry in urban agglomerations. However, this rising state is not strictly regular, and sometimes it does not significantly improve or even decrease; 2) By 2018, the competitiveness of tourism industry in urban agglomerations in China has been improved to varying degrees. In this study, the competitiveness of tourism industry in urban agglomerations is divided into five levels. With the change of time series, the competitiveness level of tourism industry in urban agglomerations has been improved. The average climbing rate of tourism industry competitiveness of Chinese urban agglomerations is 4.38%, among which the national urban agglomerations have the highest climbing rate, followed by regional urban agglomerations, and the regional urban agglomerations have the lowest climbing rate. In China's urban agglomerations, the competitiveness of urban tourism industry around Hu Huanyong Line is the strongest, and the competitiveness of urban tourism industry in the eastern region is slightly better than that in the western cities. The highly competitive cities, which are mainly national central cities, urban agglomeration central cities and provincial capital cities, show a "stepwise" decline towards the surrounding cities. 3) The climbing function curve of the competitiveness of tourism industry in China's urban agglomerations has been verified by practice, and it has universal applicability in the development of urban agglomerations. The function model of climbing law of the competitiveness of tourism industry in urban agglomerations can be used to analyze and predict the future competitiveness of tourism industry in China's urban agglomerations.

Abstract:Achieving peak carbon performance and carbon neutrality is an inherent requirement for promoting high-quality development. Companies' active pursuit of green technological innovation contributes to the realization of a green and sustainable economic development. When faced with uncertain macro-environmental economic policies, can the company's ability to perceive uncertainty help it play a risk-resistant role? Can companies transform external economic policy uncertainty into internal developmental motivation to achieve green technological innovation? This paper explores the impact of companies' perception of economic policy uncertainty on their green technological innovation and analyzes the mechanisms involved. On this basis, it uses the data of Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2020 and the data of economic policy uncertainty indicators at the company level to carry out empirical tests, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations. It is found that an increase in companies' perception of economic policy uncertainty can promote green technology innovation. Mechanism analysis shows that from the perspective of external financing, the increase in the perception of economic policy uncertainty can improve the green technological innovation ability of companies by narrowing the information asymmetry and reducing the financing constraints of companies, and from the perspective of internal management of companies, it can improve the green technological innovation ability of companies by enhancing the strategic initiative of companies and improving the green cognitive ability. Through the analysis of the heterogeneity of companies' external regional characteristics and internal characteristics, it is found that the higher the regional economy, the degree of development of the digital economy, and the regional innovation dynamism of the companies, the more favorable the perception of economic policy uncertainty is to promote companies' green technological innovation. This facilitation is more pronounced for companies that are not heavy polluters, have poorer social responsibility performance, and have lower levels of their own risk-taking. Further analysis of the moderating effect of government-company interaction shows that state-owned companies and those in areas with higher environmental regulation have stronger green innovation ability, while government environmental protection subsidies play an insufficient role in this process. The findings of the study provide important insights into the realization of green technological innovation by companies in China. Companies need to fully grasp market information and opportunities, and set sustainable development goals. The government should actively reduce the information asymmetry between companies and the market, and between companies and the government, strengthen the vitality of regional innovation, and implement economic policies for different regions and types of companies. The government should improve the economic policy smoothing mechanism, and actively guide companies to correctly perceive the opportunities and risks brought by economic policy uncertainty. It is necessary to play a good role in government regulation to accelerate the realization of green technological innovation and green transformation and development of companies.

Abstract:As an important channel to achieve common prosperity through "the third distribution" of earnings, and an important way to be a good "corporate citizen", does charitable donation benefit others and itself? The relevant literatures that study the relationship between donation and financial performance have not reached a consensus, the different variable measurement and different theory hypothesis maybe the reason for the different results. This paper takes A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2006 to 2020 as observations, and tests how the dynamic change with the amount of charitable donation affects the financial performance of enterprises systematically in different levels. The empirical results indicate that, the dynamic change of corporate donation is the reason for the inconsistent relationship between charitable donation and financial performance, and constantly increasing donations by enterprises can achieve a "win-win" situation for both social welfare and their own financial performance. That means the conclusion supports the "shareholder value hypothesis" in some extent. To be more specific, on the one hand, both increase in donation and continuous donation can significantly improve the financial performance of the company, and there is a greater effect on the improvement of financial performance when the company donates more in the current period than the last period in which it donates too. On the other hand, both decrease in donation and continuous non-donation will significantly reduce the financial performance of the company, and there is a greater effect on the reduction of financial performance when the company directly reduce the donation to zero in the current period but has donated in the last period. From the perspective of regional economy, it is found that compared with the eastern region or the regions with higher level of economic development, there is weaker or even irrelevant relationship between the dynamic change of charitable donation and the financial performance of the company in the western region or the regions with lower level of economic development. From the perspective of advertising, it reveals that advertising cannot replace the charitable donation, which means corporate image established by the advertising is different from the image of corporate citizen established by the charitable donation. Advertising can enhance the effects on the improvement of financial performance especially when the company increases the charitable donation or sustain to donate, but it will worsen the effects on the reduction of financial performance when the company continued to do no charitable donations. From different types of property rights, it finds that whether the enterprise is state-owned enterprise (SOE) or not, increasing the charitable donation can improve its financial performance. Continuous donation strengthens the positive effect of charitable donation on financial performance in SOEs. The negative effect of decrease in donation and continuous non-donation can be restrained in SOEs. That means there is a good moderating effect for the property right on the relationship between charitable donation and financial performance. Furthermore, a stepwise regression model is established to test the mediating effect, it shows that the relationship with key customers is a channel through which changes in charitable donation affect the financial performance, indicating that increase in donation can improve the financial performance through enhancing the relationship with key customers. At last, we use PSM to alleviate endogeneity problem, the conclusion is still valid. The contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: Firstly, it enriches the research on the relationship between charitable donation and financial performance. Secondly, the conclusion offers guidance for the enterprises to perform charitable donation with their strategies. Thirdly, it also provides empirical evidence for the SOEs to perform more CSR in various areas under the guidance of government policies.

Abstract:In recent years, China's direct investment in countries along the "Belt and Road" has continued to increase, cooperation areas have continued to expand, and the degree of cooperation has continued to deepen. In this context, does China's OFDI have a good poverty reduction effect on countries along the "Belt and Road"? Do poverty reduction effects vary heterogeneously by country attribute? And through what channels and mechanisms is this poverty reduction effect transmitted? The answers to this series of questions are of great significance to both theory and practice. Based on the panel data of 63 countries along the "Belt and Road" from 2009 to 2019,the 63 countries along the route have been broadly divided into six sectors, according to the regions to which they belong. This paper constructs an econometric model related to the poverty reduction effect of foreign direct investment, empirically analyzes the poverty reduction effect of China's direct investment in the host country, and adopts the method of intermediary effect test to explore the transmission mechanism of the poverty reduction effect of direct investment. Studies have shown that China's foreign direct investment has a significant effect on reducing the poverty rate of the host country, bringing a strong "pull" to local economic development, significantly contributing to the reduction of poverty in the countries along the "Belt and Road". Heterogeneity analysis shows that: There is no clear geographic bias in this poverty reduction effect, nor does it take the national economic development level as an absolute limit. Measuring cultural distance using "whether there is a Confucius Institute" as a proxy variable, the effect is better in countries that are "culturally close" and not significant in countries that are "culturally distant". The mediation effects analysis shows that: In the process of China's OFDI playing a role in poverty reduction, job creation and infrastructure construction have assumed part of the function of intermediary effects. Through these two mechanisms, the self-generating capacity of the host economy is effectively enhanced. Through the "dual channels" of job creation and infrastructure improvement, China has enhanced the self-sustainability of host countries and brought a continuous impetus to the sustainable development of the local economy, which has entered into a virtuous cycle of development. Autonomous poverty reduction can be achieved by focusing on capacity building for poor groups and tapping the comparative advantages of potential markets in poor areas according to local conditions. This "blood-creation" approach to poverty reduction is more long-term and sustainable than the "blood transfusion" approach, which is oriented towards enhancing self-reliance. In order to avoid endogeneity problems in the model from influencing the conclusions of the study, re-regressing the first-order lagged term of China's OFDI as an instrumental variable, the original conclusions are still valid; In order to ensure the reliability of the conclusions of the empirical analysis of the article, this paper adopts the method of replacing the core explanatory variables and the explanatory variables respectively to carry out the robustness test, and the final conclusions of the study are robust. Based on the above analysis, the article proposes to further optimize the flow of China's OFDI and promote poverty reduction cooperation by taking job creation as the basis, talent training as the source and infrastructure construction as the priority.

Abstract:Over the past ten years, the "Belt and Road" has become a new highlight of China's foreign trade cooperation in the new era. Based on the theory of new economic geography, this paper takes 60 countries along the "Belt and Road" as the research samples, and utilizes the cross-country panel data from 2001 to 2019 to test the effect of factor endowment on the trade cooperation between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road" from the spatial perspective by applying the dynamic spatial panel stochastic frontier model, based on which it analyzes the characteristics of the changes in the efficiency of the trade cooperation between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road" and the potential for the cooperation in the trade of different types of commodities, and then combines the idea of the two-dimensional matrix to propose the path for the release of the potential of the trade cooperation in the future on the basis of the appropriateness of the factor endowment and the potential of the trade. The conclusions are as follows: This paper constructs a spatial connectivity matrix based on the connectivity index, and finds that there exists a double positive time-space dependence relationship between China's trade cooperation with countries along the "Belt and Road". Natural resource and capital factors play a significant role in promoting trade cooperation between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road", while there is a certain degree of "competition" in terms of the labor factor, and the trade-promoting effect of the innovation factor has not yet been given full play, and the trade-promoting effect of the innovation factor has not yet been fully realized. In terms of control variables, the size of the host country's economy, the degree of industrialization, the level of urbanization, the existence of a common border between the two countries, the signing of the agreement and the accession to the World Trade Organization are all conducive to the trade cooperation between China and the "Belt and Road" countries, geographic distance is still an important obstacle to bilateral trade cooperation, in addition to capital, bilateral trade cooperation is also subject to inefficiency factors, there is still a greater potential for expansion of China's trade cooperation with countries along the "Belt and Road", the above conclusions are still established after the trade distance matrix and the economic and geographic matrix of the robustness of the test. In terms of heterogeneity, it is further found that trade cooperation between China and countries along the "Belt and Road" is characterized by significant product heterogeneity. In terms of trade efficiency, the efficiency of trade cooperation between China and countries along the "Belt and Road" has continued to improve, but has not yet reached an "optimal state". In terms of trade potential hierarchy, the number of re-modeling trading partners is the smallest, and the number of growth trading partners is the most, and the structure of trade potential hierarchy of different categories of products is characterized by an unbalanced structure. Finally, combining the two-dimensional matrix idea, based on the suitability of factor endowment and trade potential, trade partners can be divided into four types of trade partners: intensive and efficient, efficiency-led, steadily improving and scale-expanding. Based on this, we propose three paths of unilateral breakthrough, progressive improvement and leapfrog in releasing trade potential, which can provide an important reference for the promotion of the "Belt and Road" to realize the "smooth flow of trade", and provide important references for the high-quality promotion of the construction of the "Belt and Road".

Abstract:As the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture adheres to the standpoint, viewpoints and methods of Marxism, and adheres to the standpoint of Chinese culture, which is the latest cultural and ideological achievement of the Communist Party of China. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has clarified the road map and task book of cultural construction in the new era, has a clear practical-orientation, and provides a powerful ideological weapon and scientific action guide for propaganda ideological and cultural work in the new situation. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has rich value implications, enriches and develops Marxist cultural theory, indicates and marks new cultural mission in the new era, and has provided action guidelines and injected strong spirit for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture shows the characteristics of the times, adheres to the people's position and political background, adheres to the combination of macro and micro and link of entity and use, and highlights national characteristics and world vision. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture adheres to and realizes the unity of historicity and reality, the unity of cultural noumenon and cultural form, the unity of law and purpose, the unity of internal development and external security. Grasping the internal logic of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is conducive to a deep understanding of the internal and external causes of the generation, existence and development of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.

Abstract:Accelerating the formation of new quality productivity is part of the transformation of China's economic and social development from traditional factors driven to innovation driven development in the new era, improving production efficiency and quality, promoting sustained and healthy economic growth, seizing the wave of new industrial revolution, building new competitive advantages, and winning the initiative in development. The paper clarifies the concept and connotation of new quality productivity, reveals its theoretical logic, strategic value, and realization path. Combined with the proposing background of new quality productivity and related discussions, the paper believes that new quality productivity must have the characteristics of scientific and technological innovation driven, industrial efficiency and low consumption and environmental sustainability, high-quality life and social service equalization, digital empowerment and modernization of national governance capacity. It deconstructs the material and technological foundation and policy environment guarantee accumulated by the development of China's new quality productivity since the reform and opening up, and compares the development level of digital economy and the export status of high-tech products between China and major countries in the world, so as to objectively grasp the development advantages and disadvantages of China's new quality productivity. It analyzes the challenges of middle income trap, such as lagging industrial upgrading and insufficient innovation capacity, resource and environmental constraints, unbalanced regional urban-rural development, aging population structure and rising labor costs, and the need to improve government governance efficiency. Under the external pressure of Thucydides trap, such as trade disputes, technological blockade, human rights and ideological threats, and national territorial disputes, new quality productivity is of strategic guiding significance to solve the problem of high-quality economic development. Further, it points out that the improvement of new quality productivity is an important basis for realizing national security, provides a strong security guarantee for the country, and helps to build a solid national security system. On this basis, national security and stability are also necessary conditions for the development of new quality productivity, and the two complement each other. Finally, in order to develop new quality productivity, special attention should be paid to the balanced distribution of new quality productivity. Internally, the development potential of new quality productivity should be released to break the curse of middle income trap. A secure and stable external environment should be fostered to provide basic guarantee for the development of new quality productivity, to break the curse of the Thucydides trap, and to support the construction of a strong and powerful dual cycles development pattern.

Abstract:General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the concept of new quality productivity, which is not only of great guiding significance for the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, but also of great strategic significance for China to achieve high-quality economic development and Chinese path to modernization. New quality productivity is more advanced form of productivity due to the continuous improvement of the constituent elements of productivity. In essence, new quality productivity belongs to the category of Marxist productivity, with the nature of practicality, comprehensiveness and development. New quality productivity is manifested in the constituent elements of productivity, and the improvement of the quality of these constituent elements includes the continuous improvement of the quality of labors, the improvement and widespread application of means of production, the continuous expansion of objects of labor, the rapid advancement of science and technology, and the significant improvement of management, forming the conditions for nurturing new quality productivity. According to the formation conditions of new quality productivity, the main formation paths of new quality productivity are as follows: the first is by improving the quality of education, cultivating world-class enterprises, and promoting industrial development to cultivate high-quality labors; the second is to deeply implement innovation-driven strategy to improve the quality of means of production and science and technology; the third is to build a large-scale unified national market to realize the expansion of objects of labor; the fourth is to strengthen the leadership of the Party and cultivate the spirit of entrepreneurship in order to realize the reform of enterprise management.

Abstract:New quality productivity, as envisioned by General Secretary Xi Jinping in light of China's development stage, development environment, changing developmental conditions, and the backdrop of great power competition, represents a fundamental, comprehensive, and long-term strategic assessment. As we enter a new phase marked by the rapid application of next-generation information technology and the accelerated transformation of industries through advanced manufacturing technologies, the formation of new quality productivity becomes not only an imperative for driving high-quality development and shaping a new development paradigm but also a crucial driving force in building a modernized economic system. It holds the key to China's strategic advantage in future development and international competition. The essence of new quality productivity involves transforming the entire production paradigm from traditional productivity to new quality productivity, with a focus on leading the transformation of the international economic system, reshaping the modern industrial system, and enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises. This paper draws theoretical support from Marxist political economy, Xi Jinping's economic thought, and Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization. It outlines a three-dimensional theoretical framework for the construction of new quality productivity: first, at the micro-level, it emphasizes the creation of world-class enterprises; second, at the meso-level, it highlights the enhancement of international competitive advantages; third, at the macro-level, it underscores the construction of a human destiny community. The paper integrates the theoretical framework and practical strategies for the development of new quality productivity into China's current development strategy. It presents a tripartite reform agenda, emphasizing the transformation of enterprise development models, the restructuring of modern industrial landscape, and the establishment of a new global governance framework as the key drivers for new quality productivity formation. These three pathways complement and reinforce each other, working in synergy to inject vigor into the formation of new quality productivity, ensuring that productivity development aligns more effectively with China's strategic focus on achieving high-quality development.

Abstract:The tradition of "paintings of the mind" (xin hua) (literati painting), which developed in China from the Song Dynasty on under the conscious leadership of Su Shi (1036-1101) and other prominent intellectuals, was an essential element underlying Kawabata Yasunari's love for Song and Yuan art. Kawabata's literary philosophy and his exploration of the art of Chinese literati painters dovetail neatly in the idea of "satisfying one's heart" or "realizing one's intention"—the spirit and refinement found in the union of poetry and painting—and which were deeply reflected in his literary works. Firstly, "paintings of the mind" emphasized the ordinary human feelings and lyrical beauty, which was advocated and practiced by Chinese literati painters after they realized clearly their artistic responsibility as a literati group. And Kawabata Yasunari also believed that not only painting can shape writing and depict objects, but can also express the potential spiritual world of human beings. This artistic concept was well reflected in his works including Dream and Shower. The paintings described in many works of Kawabata Yasunari were "paintings of the mind", they were not motionless objects, but the flow of the mind. Secondly, the intellectuals in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty were actively involved in the area of fine arts and led the trend of the theory, creating an ideological trend of "Realizing the intention" in the area of fine arts, enabling painting as a means of "Expressing one's dissatisfaction". From this point of view, the concept of novel creation of Kawabata Yasunari dovetailed neatly with the Chinese literati painters, enabling the paintings described in his novels with infinite connotations and rich interpretations. Thirdly, the intellectuals with the responsibility of the elite class in Song Dynasty provided the guiding artistic concepts of the fine arts, and maneuvered to pursue the characters on the basis of combing poems with paintings. This painting theory disseminated to Japan together with Chinese paintings during the second surge period of Chinese paintings' spread to Japan, corresponding the first 30 years of the early life of Kawabata Yasunari, and had a potential and extensive impact of his career as a novelist. The "paintings of the mind" theory not only had an influence on the formation of literati paintings in Japan, but also had transcultural and transdisciplinary impacts on modern Japanese literature. As we can observe from the literary works of Kawabata Yasunari, the Chinese painting theory with an impact overseas, as part of an artistic concept, revealed a sample of Sino-foreign cultural exchange. The phenomenon of cross-boundary spreading of culture has great academic value and has the space to be further probed and studied.

Abstract:It often happens that the literal place name itself remains unchanged but the actual scope it refers to has changed greatly in Chinese history. Here we call it connotation change of place names. The concept of Chuanjiang has undergone significant changes since its appearance during the Tang and Song Dynasties in history. In the early Song Dynasty, Chuanjiang referred to the entire Yangtze River or its upper, middle, and lower reaches, which was quite surprising. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it mainly referred to the entire upper reaches of the Yangtze River. But in modern times, the actual scope of Chuanjiang has undergone a gradually narrowing down process from the entire upper reaches of the Yangtze River to from Leshan to Yichang, from Yibin to Yichang, and from Chongqing to Yichang. Before the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the special political, economic and cultural status of Bashu area made Bashu shipping have a high status, which became the support of Chuanjiang discourse for the middle and lower reaches. However, due to the special complicated river course, the special flat-bottomed wooden boat passing performance and the navigation of beach teachers in special areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, wooden boat transportation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River once occupied the passing advantage in the whole Yangtze River shipping in the traditional era, and once dominated the operation of the whole Yangtze River shipping to some extent. Since modern times, the narrowing of the connotation of Chuanjiang has something to do with the fact that hot spots have gathered in the discourse of motor boat transportation in the situation where motor boats have entered Chuanjiang and the status of wooden boats has declined relatively. Through research, we have found that the historical connotation change of place names in China can be further divided into two situations: scaling connotation change of place names and allopatry connotation change of place names. The former is more typical while the latter is more complex. The connotation change of place names can be divided into two processes in terms of time: diffuse connotation change of place names and rapid connotation change of place names. Generally speaking, the connotation change of geographical names in administrative divisions is relatively fast in history, while the process of connotation change of geographical names in cultural regions is relatively long, and the influencing factors are also relatively diverse. However, due to the adjustment of relevant national administrative regions, the process of connotation change of geographical names in cultural regions will also be accelerated.

Abstract:The period of the Republic of China was a transitional period in modern Chinese society, and various Western consumer goods entered China one after another. After the introduction of advanced new Western transportation to China, it not only changed the dominant position of traditional transportation, but also brought about subtle changes in traditional social concepts and consumption trends. Bicycle as new transportation had become popular with the gradual improvement of urban roads and transportation facilities. It not only made people's travel faster, more comfortable, and convenient, but also generated a series of social and cultural effects. Those social classes with the ability to consume considered bicycles as an important transportation in daily life, and also as a symbol of social identity. Bicycles were also put into public use limitedly and had become a transportation for departments such as postal workers, improving work efficiency. The import of bicycles had brought about the development of domestic bicycle industry, although the effectiveness of product imitation was still difficult under the impact of foreign bicycles. The import of Western technology artifacts had a very direct cultural impact effect. It not only brought external impacts, changing traditional Chinese transportation and promoting the rise of new industries, but also brought about profound changes. The supply of such consumer goods met the living needs of citizens in economically developed cities, improved their quality of life, and also had an impact on people's daily life. Bicycles can be seen as a symbol of material culture. With its spread, bicycles have gradually become part of people's everyday life instead of luxury goods. This type of transportation eventually become a preference for the Chinese people, and it is a microcosm of the evolution of modern Chinese society and culture.

Abstract:Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law adheres to the Party's rule of law for more than 100 years and deeply inherits the essence of the magnificent history of the rule of law for thousands of years in China, which deeply reflects the cultural confidence of the governance of China, and is a model of carrying forward the socialist rule of law culture with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law attaches great importance to drawing from the belief of serving the law, the wisdom and the experience of the rule of law of China from the fine traditional Chinese legal culture, and exploring ways to strengthen the vitality of the rule of law. In the face of century-old changes and the once-in-a-century epidemic, the transformation of global governance system and international order has been extremely fierce, and the international rule of law is facing strong challenges. Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, in the practice of the rule of law of China and international governance, adheres to carry forward the wisdom of the rule of law of China, absorbs the essence of the world rule of law civilization. China's solution, China's governance and Chinese wisdom, fully reveal the path and the historical trend of international rule of law, improve the international society well-being of the people's livelihood, and enhance the Chinese rule of law confidence, reveal the era characteristics of the Chinese excellent traditional legal culture. Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, taking people-centered as the basic position of the rule of law in China construction, drawing the inexhaustible driving force of the construction of rule of law in China from the excellent traditional legal culture of China, is the ideological banner and strong driving force that leads the construction of rule of law in China, and is a powerful weapon that breaks the long-standing western centrism which curbs the theory discourse power of China's rule of law. In the new era, to promote the construction of the rule of law in China, we should adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, focus on the new issues of Chinese path to modernization, grasp the world outlook and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply study the excellent traditional legal culture of China, and make it a source of wisdom and strength for promoting comprehensive rule of law.

Abstract:The discovery of electronic surveillance evidence not only touches public interests, but also involves the defendant's right to a fair trial. It is of great significance to explore an appropriate discovery system of electronic surveillance evidence for balancing public interests and individual fundamental rights. Through normative analysis and comparative research, it is revealed that the generation mechanism of electronic surveillance evidence is not transparent, and public prosecution and judicial organs may refuse to discovery electronic surveillance evidence on the grounds of public interest immunity. At the same time, due to the principle of last used, electronic surveillance evidence is decisive for the defendant's conviction and sentencing, refusal to discovery it will inevitably affect the individual fundamental rights of citizens. From the perspective of purpose or motivation, individual fundamental rights of citizens can be restricted in the name of safeguarding public interests, but under the same effect, other means should be chosen that do not restrict the individual fundamental rights of citizens or that are significantly less restrictive. Refusal to discovery electronic surveillance evidence directly on the grounds of protecting public interests violates the requirements of the principle of necessity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore appropriate methods of electronic surveillance evidence discovery. In China's criminal proceedings, the electronic surveillance evidence to discovery is dossier materials and associated electronic data, which are incorporated into the surveillance dossier and ready to be served as the basis for charges. The methods of discovery are to view, extract and copy. The disadvantage of this institutional arrangement is that, on the one hand, for the electronic surveillance evidence incorporated into the surveillance dossier, the Criminal Procedure Law does not distinguish between dossier materials and electronic data, and lacks refined regulations, which leads to the discovery of electronic surveillance evidence being limited to the dual model of discovery and non-discovery. On the other hand, it is difficult for the defense to obtain opportunities to view, extract and copy materials that the prosecution agency is not prepared to use as evidence, and is not incorporated into the surveillance dossier, so they have no way of knowing about it. In fact, the secrets carried by dossier materials and electronic data are different, and the discovery methods of them should be differentiated. The massive electronic data obtained by electronic surveillance may contain materials that are decisive for the defendant's conviction and sentencing, it is necessary to discovery the materials that are not incorporated into the surveillance dossier. In view of this, it is necessary to construct a differentiated electronic surveillance evidence discovery system according to the dual framework of electronic surveillance evidence incorporated into the surveillance dossier and not incorporated into the surveillance dossier. For the discovery of electronic surveillance evidence incorporated into the surveillance dossier, the defense may be required to sign a confidentiality agreement, allowing to view, extract, and copy the dossier materials, and to view and extract the associated electronic data. However, due to the protection of the technology of electronic surveillance, the defense's application for a copy of the associated electronic data may not be allowed. For the discovery of electronic surveillance evidence not incorporated into the surveillance dossier, the prosecution is obliged to provide the defense with a list of data and criteria for the selection of associated electronic data, and the defense has the right to raise objections and apply for access to linked data.

Abstract:The boundary of garnishment is concerned about the identification of the debtor's liability property and protection of the third party, as well as is of great significance in ensuring the legitimacy of the enforcement. Under the background of codification of civil compulsory enforcement law, the definition of the scope of the object in garnishment is a key issue in promoting the systematic construction of garnishment. The jurisprudential basis for this issue consists of the theory of liability property, the principle of limited enforcement and the principle of benefit balance. According to the theory of liability property, the claim as object in garnishment must be of economic value, independence and transferability, and be owned by the debtor. In order to protect the public interest and respect the human rights, the principle of limited enforcement should be followed, and claims that are prohibited from being transferred under substantive law and claims that are prohibited from being enforced under procedural law should not be enforced. Meanwhile, the principle of benefit balance requires the enforcement agency to balance the interests among multiple subjects, so as to avoid excessive burden for the debtor and the third party. On the whole, the garnishment should be divided into basic type and possession type, and its object forms should be reconstructed on this basis. The former is used to realize monetary claims, the object of which includes undue claims and non-monetary claims. However, the attachment of future claims is subject to certain limitations, which should be considered in the light of the legal relationship underlying the claim, the likelihood of the future claim occurring, and the specificity of the legal subject. As for the continuing claims, its objective scope of attachment extends to claims based on the same legal relationship, and relevant provisions in draft should be amended. The latter is used to realize the claims for delivery of property, and it applies only where a third party owes an obligation of delivery to the debtor. The garnishment shall not be applied if the third party is a successor of the party or is in possession of the subject matter for the benefit of the party or the successor. Compared with foreign countries, the grounds for rejecting the execution of possession type are also special in China, as it is possible to enforce directly against a third party without obtaining a judgement against him.

Abstract:The compensability of abstract use losses in the field of torts in China is still controversial. The reason for this is the balance theory of damages. The balance theory was proposed by Mommsen in his article Theory of Interest in 1855, stating that damage is the difference between the amount of property owned by the victim after the occurrence of the damage accident and the amount of property that should have been owned if the damage accident has not occurred. Since the victim has not paid for the substitute, naturally there is no property difference, so no damage has occurred. The theoretical source of Mommsen's balance theory is the concept of interest in Roman law. The denial of the compensability of abstract loss of use comes from the misunderstanding of the state of balance in Roman law. The so-called balance focuses on the overall state of material interests, rather than a simple calculation of the amount of property. Therefore, the real connotation of the balance theory should be the change of interests before and after the occurrence of the infringement event. The loss of interest in abstract use should be a loss of property interest for three reasons. First, the scope of abstract use loss can be determined by subjective calculation methods, and the abstract use value of objects can obtain property value attributes relying on the commercial value theory, and its certainty requirements are not absolute, only the relative certainty standard should be met. Second, the use loss of profit-making objects and the abstract use loss of self-use objects should be equally evaluated. The infringement behavior of the perpetrator hinders the realization of the right holder's use interest on the property, resulting in the failure of the victim's reasonable expectations. The significance of property not only lies in its body, but also in using the property to achieve the purpose of life. Third, the concept of loss of property interests is more extensive, avoiding the blind expansion of the scope of damage compensation, and limiting abstract use loss is more in line with Chinese Civil Code's concept of rights protection. German law has long recognized the compensability of abstract loss of use, constructed a complete set of normative systems through judicial practice, and filled the deficiency of the traditional balance theory in use compensation with the concept of normative damage. Normative damage is a concept opposite to natural damage. It is proposed that the definition of damage is not limited to legal provisions, and whether it is compensable is determined according to the importance of the damaged rights and interests in the evaluation of legal norms. According to the return of profit system established in the Civil Code, the infringer realizes the abstract use interest on behalf of the victim, and this interest should belong to the victim according to legal order, so this interest should be returned to the victim. Therefore, the compensability of abstract loss of use conforms to the evaluation of legal norms. Chinese Civil Code is also influenced by German law. It adopts the general provisions on damages and the structure of specific items for damages. Therefore, the concept of normative damage in German law has a reference significance for China. In the process of integration with Chinese damage compensation system, it is necessary to pay attention to the limiting factors of normative evaluation, that is, the requirements of the damaged object being necessary to maintain personal life and sensibility must be met. The purpose of this article is to introduce the construction of relevant systems in German law, combined with the damage compensation system with Chinese characteristics, to provide reference for domestic practice and theory.

Abstract:The land reserve management system is an important foundation for the state to strengthen the management of land assets owned by all people, optimize the allocation of land assets, and enhance the effective supply of land market. With the accelerated urbanization process in China, the problems of benefit distribution and rights attribution of land development rights have been highlighted, among which the problems caused by the lagging land reserve management system are more common. Taking institutional changes as the perspective, the study compares the jurisprudential investigation and practical evolution of the land reserve system, and explores the optimization logic and specific paths of the land reserve management system, which will provide new dynamics, new models and new paths for efficient allocation of land resources, improving urban quality and promoting economic and social development, with important theoretical and practical significance. Taking Chongqing as an example, this study starts from the current situation of the land reserve management system and carries out empirical analysis on the overall operation of land reserve, land operation efficiency of key functional areas, and land reserve management system in recent years. The practice shows that the land reserve management system has broadened land reserve financing channels, strongly supported local economic construction, controlled the financial risks of land reserve, and made the supervision of land reserve more convenient. Land reserve has promoted the construction of major projects, and the land reserve center has strengthened the primary market regulation and control, established the reserve land information database, scientifically prepared the reserve plan, accelerated the preliminary development, and coordinated the arrangement of various funds. The shortcomings are that the boundaries of functional authority of land reserve institutions are unclear, the mechanism of guaranteeing funds for reserve and remediation work is not sound, the mechanism of land spatial planning leading land reserve and remediation work has not been established, and the problems of pre-development of land reserve and systemic risks have not been paid enough attention. Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, the study concludes that land transfer should be driven by land entitling, land reserve should be activated by land transfer, land value management should be strengthened, land additional functions should be enhanced, and a sound land reserve system can help to effectively utilize undeveloped land resources, reduce idleness and loss of land resources, and guarantee the right to development of land resources. From a macro perspective, the reform path of promoting rural land transfer with land rights and activating land reserve innovation with land transfer is proposed. From a micro perspective, it is proposed that the organizational management system of land reserve should be rationalized, the financing system of land reserve capital should be optimized, the distribution system of land value-added revenue should be improved, the urban spatial governance system should be optimized, and the systemic risk response of land reserve should be strengthened to further regulate systemic risks such as macroeconomic downturn and land value decline.

Abstract:The sharing of public sports facilities is an inevitable way to implement the new development concept, alleviate the contradiction between the relative lack of sports facilities in China and the growing fitness needs of the people, and promote the strategy of realizing a strong sports nation. Public sports facility sharing includes the behavior of public sports facility management entities opening public sports facilities to the public, as well as the behavior of the public's collaborative and orderly use of public sports facilities. The realistic contradiction of the shortage of public sports facilities and the reasonable demand for the protection of citizens' sports rights points to the necessity of sharing public sports facilities, while the staggered use of time and the complementary spatial configuration form the supply power for sharing public sports facilities. By combing the existing laws related to public sports facilities sharing in China, we find that there are still shortcomings in the legal norms and legal protection mechanisms. At the level of legal guarantee mechanism, it is manifested in the lack of legal guarantee force for the sharing of public sports facilities. At the level of legal regulations, it is manifested in the lack of direct regulations and the lack of binding effect of supporting regulations for the sharing of public sports facilities. Under the guidance of the concept of sharing, the legal system for sharing public sports facilities should be improved and the legal guarantee mechanism for sharing public sports facilities should be constructed. In constructing the legal guarantee mechanism, three major mechanisms of information transmission, responsibility sharing, and performance assessment should be taken as the starting point for the construction, so as to gradually improve the level of public sports facilities sharing. In improving the legal system, a single law on public sports facilities sharing should be formulated to improve the operability of the legal norms related to public sports facilities sharing, and the completeness and coordination of supporting legal norms should be realized through the legal means of establishing, reforming, abolishing, and explaining.

Abstract:As an important part of China's national governance, business environment governance is an important symbol of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, as well as an outstanding performance of Chinese path to modernization in the economic field, highlighting the modernization level of national governance. Therefore, firmly grasping the development direction of business environment, we should adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, take Chinese path to modernization as the goal, and take the achievements and experience of Marxism sinicization as the basis, and transform the institutional advantages of the business environment into national governance effectiveness. Guided by Chinese path to modernization as the direction of business environment governance, and supported by the theories of economic development of major countries, new-new trade theory and Marxist political economy, this paper deeply analyzes the internal mechanism of business environment governance in the perspective of building a new development pattern. That is, the economic theory of major countries starts from "modernization with a huge population scale". From the realistic perspective of population size diversity and market diversity, it reveals the importance of building a strong domestic market. The Chinese path to modernization goals of common prosperity, harmony between material civilization and spiritual civilization and harmonious coexistence between man and nature are consistent with the logic of new-new trade theory based on enterprise heterogeneity, exploring enterprise potential, paying attention to enterprise participation and social responsibility, and finally realizing the overall benefits of the industry. Marxist political economy pursues the goal of national economic benign circulation, from the angle of domestic and international dual cycles, interprets the political economy connotation of peaceful development road. Secondly, based on three theoretical bases, this paper analyzes the multi-dimensional dynamic logic of business environment governance to promote economic development from the perspective of new development pattern, namely, the logic of market-oriented allocation of elements based on the theory of major country economic development, the logic of upgrading industrial chain and supply chain based on the new-new trade theory, and the logic of modern circulation system construction based on Marxist political economy. Finally, this paper integrates the multidimensional dynamic logic of business environment governance into the objective orientation and strategic choice of China's building of a new development pattern, and puts forward a market-oriented reform path, innovation-driven path and delegating power, improving regulation and upgrading services path of business environment governance from the perspective of building a new development pattern. The three action paths complement each other and work together. Institutional innovation will inject a steady stream of vitality into the economic system of the new development pattern.

Abstract:Facing the development gap between the East and the West of China, the western region must comprehensively improve the quality of development, which cannot be separated from the leading group's guidance and promotion. While existing literature has extensively explored and discussed the characteristics and configuration structure of leading cadres, it is also crucial to compare disparities in overall competence among leading cadres across different regions and analyze their underlying causes, so as to identify appropriate remedies. Comparing the group characteristics of the leading groups in the East and the West has certain reference value for the cultivation and selection of leading cadres of the western region. Based on the high-level echelon theory, this paper adopts the stratified sampling method by taking leading cadres of the Party and government at county level of Guangdong, Tianjin, Shanxi, and Chongqing as research object. Based on the resumes of 562 leaders, it compares and analyzes commonness and differences of group characteristics of the Party and government leading groups in the East and West China from demographic characteristics dimension, educational background dimension, and career development experience dimension. In this study, EXCEL is used to make statistical analysis on the variables of each indicator of the characteristics of county-level leaders, and the distribution structure and characteristics of the variables are displayed through data such as standard deviation and mean value. SPSS21.0 software is utilized to examine differences between county-level leading groups in eastern and western regions through t-tests and chi-square tests. The findings reveal that while gender, ethnicity, political outlooks, educational backgrounds exhibit similar patterns among leading groups in both east and west; notable disparities exist with regard to native place distribution, age composition, employment experience, and career advancement paths. Specifically, age distribution of county-level leading groups in west regions demonstrates an evident pattern characterized by "more at younger and older ages but fewer at middle ages", whereas native place structures indicate a reference for local candidates over non-locals. Moreover, humanities-based educational backgrounds are more prevalent than technical ones. Additionally, the employment experience tends to be relatively homogeneous with limited diversity. Furthermore, the proportion of bottom-up promotion is lower. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it is suggested that the construction of the western leading groups should focus on strengthening the construction of coordination efficiency of the leading group, optimizing the structure of the leading group cadres, improving the modern cadre appointment and selection mechanism, and intensifying the exchange system of the leading cadres.