Abstract:The deep integration of green transformation with technological and industrial systems can lay a solid foundation for technological innovation and industrial transformation of new quality productive forces, and systematically promote the dynamic and directional changes in the development of new quality productive forces. Through green M&A, enterprises can effectively promote the implementation of green transformation. This study uses data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2015 to 2022 to analyze the impact of green M&A on new quality productive forces of enterprises, and proposes policy recommendations. Research has found that green M&A can significantly enhance new quality productive forces of enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that government subsidies play a positive regulatory role in the positive correlation between green M&A and new quality productive forces. Corporate green M&A contributes to the growth of new quality productive forces by reducing managerial myopia and boosting R&D. Through an analysis of the heterogeneity between the external regional characteristics and the internal self-characteristics of enterprises, it has been discovered that the higher the levels of economic development and environmental regulation in the region where an enterprise is located, the more conducive it is for green M&A to drive the development of new quality productive forces. For enterprises in high polluting industries, capital-intensive and labor-intensive enterprises, and high environmental investment enterprises, the promoting effect is more significant. In further analysis, new quality productive forces is refined into new quality workers, new quality labor objects, and new quality labor materials. Green M&A is positively correlated with new quality workers and new quality labor materials, and have a lagging impact on new quality labor objects. Based on this, this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for enterprises to further promote green M&A and enhance new quality productive forces. The government should formulate more clear and encouraging policies to promote green M&A by enterprises, optimize government subsidy mechanisms, and improve subsidy efficiency and effectiveness. We should attach great importance to the cultivation and guidance of new quality workers, and enterprises and governments need to work together to promote the cultivation of high skilled green labor forces; Promote regional differentiated development according to local conditions, encourage cross regional cooperation among enterprises, share resources and technologies, and achieve synergistic effects of green M&A; Strengthen the post-merger integration capability of enterprises, optimize resource allocation, promote the construction of green supply chains, and continuously enhance the new quality productivity of enterprises.

Abstract:New quality productive forces bring new opportunities for financial digital transformation and economic upgrading. The age-old topic of the relationship between financial development and economic growth is becoming more and more time-honoured. Based on the combination of the Digital Inclusive Finance Index and the Digital Transformation Index of Commercial Banks, a new measurement of the development level of provincial digital finance is conducted. Furthermore, based on the panel data of 31 provinces in the mainland of China from 2011 to 2021, the effect of digital financial development on the real economy is empirically examined using the threshold model. The study finds that: Firstly, the impact of digital finance on the real economy is characterized by a two-threshold non-linear relationship. The level of digital finance development can strongly and significantly promote real economic growth when it is less than the first threshold, play a significant inhibiting role when it rises between the first and second thresholds, and the inhibiting role of digital finance further attenuates after the second threshold is crossed, but still remains significant; Secondly, the regional heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of digital finance on the real economy in the eastern, central and western regions all show single-threshold characteristics, but with different effects. Digital finance in the eastern region significantly inhibits real economic growth on both sides of the threshold, and the inhibiting effect decays after crossing the threshold. Digital finance in the central region has a significant facilitating effect on the real economy when it is less than the threshold and a significant inhibiting effect when it is greater than the threshold. In the western region, digital finance has a significant inhibiting effect on the real economy when it is less than the threshold and a non-significant inhibiting effect when it is greater than the threshold; Thirdly, new quality productive forces theory reveals the intrinsic power source of real economic growth from the three dimensions of capital allocation, scientific and technological innovation, and labour supply respectively. Mechanism tests based on new quality productive forces theory show that capital allocation efficiency and labour productivity play an intermediary transmission effect, but technological innovation efficiency does not have an intermediary effect. The study provides a theoretical basis for the adjustment of digital financial development strategy and the choice of path for digital financial services to the real economy, and is of policy revelation significance in guiding the coordinated development of digital finance and the real economy and promoting the development of new quality productive forces.

Abstract:Cross-border operation is the emerging operation mode of platform enterprises in recent years. Answering the question of whether the cross-border behavior of the head platforms will produce more extensive monopoly power is an important premise for building a platform economic governance system that can stimulate vitality, ensure security and give full play to the role of platform economy in empowering the high-quality development of regional economy. First of all, this paper combs the stylized facts of platform cross-border operation, and analyzes the two opposite mechanisms of platform enterprises' market power change during cross-border operation: leverage effect and competition effect. Secondly, using the new empirical industrial organization theory and making adaptive improvements according to the economic characteristics of the platform, the market power measurement model of platform enterprises is constructed considering network externalities and innovation factors. By adding a parameter reflecting cross-border behavior—business diversification degree—into the model, the actual value of market power under the two scenarios of single-field operation and cross-border operation can be measured, and the change of market power can be obtained by comparing the measurement results of the two scenarios. Empirical results show that: When considering the cross-border areas similar to the main business, the market power is unchanged or slightly decreased, indicating that the giant enterprises can maintain the original market power when entering the fields related to the main business, and there is a certain degree of leverage transmission effect. Meanwhile, when considering cross-border activities in areas that are quite different from the main business, the market power shows a declining trend, indicating that large cross-border behaviors can strengthen the degree of business overlap between large platform enterprises, strengthen market competition, and play a certain role in balancing the multi-market transmission of market power of large platform enterprises. On this basis, this paper puts forward a new judgment on the platform competition pattern: The market power of the leading enterprises in the platform market can be transmitted in a limited scope, but with the expansion of the business scope of the enterprises, the outcome of winner-takes-all is replaced by a new round of competition between large platform enterprises, and the platform competition changes from winner-takes-all to winner competition. Considering dynamically in the time dimension, the outcome of platform competition has changed from oligopoly to anti-oligopoly, and oligopoly enterprises are still facing fierce competition in the whole business field. This conclusion shows that in the scenario of cross-border competition, platform economy will play two roles in the high-quality development of regional economy: First, competition can better play the matching role of platform economy, promote the growth of economic aggregate, and create the material foundation of high-quality development of regional economy; Second, cross-border scenarios continue to stimulate new business models, helping regions find new growth points according to local conditions and narrow intra-regional gap. Finally, this paper gives corresponding countermeasures and suggestions: With service quality as the breakthrough point, platform enterprises are guided to exert the new infrastructure attributes in regional coordinated development; Enhance the correlation between platform business and regional characteristics, and shape unique growth points of regional economy.

Abstract:The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has proposed to promote the deep transformation and upgrading of industries, and pay attention to improving the tax system conducive to high-quality development and optimizing the tax structure in deepening institutional reform. Have tax and fee cuts promoted the deep transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, and can they promote the high-quality development of the industrial structure? From theoretical level, this paper clarifies the direct impact, impact mechanism and environmental heterogeneity analysis of tax cut policies and fee reduction policies on high-quality development of industrial structure, in addition, it clarifies the synergistic effect of relevant tax policies and tax cut and fee reduction policies, and conducts empirical research using the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2022. The research results show that the tax and fee reduction policies ultimately promote the high-quality development of regional industrial structure through the three mechanisms of accelerating capital return, stimulating innovation vitality and stabilizing market expectations. After a series of robustness tests, this conclusion is still valid. Heterogeneity research shows that in regions with stronger local administrative protection and more rigorous tax supervision, tax cut policies are more conducive to the high-quality development of the industrial structure. Conversely, fee reduction policies do not exhibit significant differences in their impact on the high-quality development of the industrial structure, which may be related to the measures of fee reduction policies and the reduction mechanism. In addition, tax reform and tax cut and fee reduction policies have played a synergistic role, and they have a positive promoting effect on the high-quality development of regional industrial structure, indicating that combined tax policies can play a synergistic effect of policies and jointly promote the high-quality development of industrial structure. Finally, based on different tax reduction intensity, optimization of local tax environment, tax system reform and tax preferential policy coordination, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on tax cuts and fee reductions. The paper thoroughly analyzes the differentiated impacts of combined tax reduction and fee reduction policies on the high-quality development of regional industrial structures, providing more detailed empirical evidence for the precise formulation of structural tax reduction policies. In terms of research methodology, a mechanism analysis framework encompassing capital reflux, innovation vitality, and market expectations is constructed. This not only reveals the pathways through which tax cut and fee reduction policies affect the high-quality development of regional industrial structures, but also delves into their underlying mechanisms. Through such multi-dimensional analysis, a more comprehensive understanding of the economic guidance effects of tax cut and fee reduction policies can be achieved, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structures, and better leveraging the positive role of these policies in driving the high-quality development of industrial structures. Moreover, from the perspective of the entire process of policy implementation, the heterogeneous impacts of local tax administrative protection and tax collection intensity on tax cut and fee reduction policies are explored. This provides a reform direction for tax authorities to better exert the economic empowerment of tax system reform and improve local tax services. Finally, by integrating the synergistic effects of tax departmental system reform and tax cut and fee reduction policies, a solid theoretical basis is provided for the establishment of a multi-departmental collaborative cooperation mechanism by tax authorities.

Abstract:The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee has stressed perfecting and improving the strategic mechanism for coordinated development among regions, and improving the system and policies for promoting the development of the western region to form a new pattern. At present, the imbalance and inadequacy of the development of the western region are still prominent. How to enhance regional synergy, strengthen regional economic ties and lead high-quality regional development has become an urgent practical problem to be solved in the western development. In this context, based on the concept of coordinated development, taking the synchronization of business cycle as the starting point, the degree of coordinated development in the western region is quantitatively assessed using inter-provincial mixed-frequency data from 2006 to 2020 in the western region, and based on this, the influencing factors are empirically demonstrated to provide an in-depth analysis of the coordinated development status within the region. Results of the study show that the synergistic development index of the western region shows a slow decline and sharp increase from 2006 to 2009, after which the fluctuation of the index slows down significantly, showing a slow rise and slow fall. The level of synergistic development of the northwestern and southwestern regions is obviously differentiated, and the degree of synergistic development in the northwestern region is slightly higher than that in the southwestern region. At the same time, the level of synergistic development between Sichuan and Chongqing, as an important growth pole, and Guizhou and Tibet is relatively low, indicating that its radiation capacity for less developed regions is limited. Regression estimation results show that the degree of government intervention, the similarity of industrial structure and the degree of opening up all have an impact on regional coordinated development, with the degree of government intervention and the similarity of industrial structure being the core influencing factors, indicating that the more similar the degree of local government intervention in economic development and the greater the difference in industrial structure, the more it can promote regional coordinated development. Accordingly, the following research suggestions are put forward: First, we should promote regional circulation and cope with external shocks. The second is to establish the concept of coordinated development and break down administrative barriers. The third is to implement differentiated industrial structure and eliminate homogeneous competition. Fourth, we should optimize the layout of transportation facilities and guard against siphon effect. Innovation of this paper is: From the research perspective, this paper constructs the economic cycle synergy index, which provides a new perspective for explaining the trend of regional coordinated development and examines the dynamic change process of coordinated development in the western region. In terms of research methods, the Markov-switching mixed-frequency dynamic factor model used in the article breaks through the limitation that the traditional econometrical model must adopt the same frequency data, not only uses monthly data to depict the economic operation situation in time, but also takes into account GDP, an important quarterly data indicator in business cycle monitoring, to better reflect the overall dynamic evolution characteristics of regional coordinated development. In terms of research content, on the basis of measuring the level of coordinated development in the western region, this paper discusses the factors affecting the synchronization of business cycle in the western region, which is used to judge the core factors affecting the coordinated development in the western region, so as to provide some empirical evidence and important policy suggestions for promoting regional coordinated development and preventing the further expansion of internal development gap.

Abstract:Cities serve as critical carriers for driving high-quality development, creating high-quality life, and comprehensively building the socialist modernized country. Exploring the mechanisms and actual effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on urban shrinkage holds significant implications for urban development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. After preprocessing DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS nighttime lighting data, this study adopts an intercept-free “S-shaped” model to fit the integrated nighttime lighting time-series data of 105 prefectural-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2019. Urban shrinkage is measured through the extraction of shrinking pixels. This study primarily adopts a spatial spillover perspective to empirically test the impact of FDI on urban shrinkage using the spatial Durbin model (SDM), followed by robustness checks, heterogeneity discussions, and the construction of a non-linear model to explore the mechanism of FDI on urban shrinkage through the pathways of labor income and environmental quality. The study has found that: 1) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between FDI and urban shrinkage and the model exhibits significant spatial spillover effect, primarily driven by knowledge spillover effect and competitive imitation effect. The spatial spillovers even surpass direct effects. 2) In both eastern and western regions, FDI shows a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with urban shrinkage, whereas the relationship is insignificant in central regions. While the three regions (eastern, central, and western) possess unique strengths, resource mobility across regions remains limited. 3) The effect of FDI on urban shrinkage is significant in non-resource-based cities but negligible in resource-based cities. 4) FDI affects urban shrinkage through the employment absorption effect and the environmental pollution effect. Based on these findings, the study puts forward the following policy recommendations: 1) Pay attention to the essence of urban shrinkage and reframe traditional misconceptions. Advocate for a smart shrinkage approach that adjusts urban scale and functional layout, while maintaining fundamental vitality. 2) In light of the regional heterogeneity of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, implement differentiated foreign investment introduction strategies. The eastern region should further optimize its foreign investment attraction policy and promote the introduction of high-tech and high-value-added industries. In contrast, the western and central regions should prioritize foreign investment on local industrial upgrading and employment absorption, while mitigating environmental pollution and resource competition risks associated with excessive reliance on foreign investment. 3) Establish a coordinated development mechanism to promote the synergistic development of opening-up platforms, and promote the synergistic orientation of domestic and foreign investment and urban development goals in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The study offers valuable insights into addressing the problem of smart shrinkage in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to build an inclusive, resilient and adaptable urban development model.

Abstract:The Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly points out the in-depth implementation of the regional coordinated development strategy and the new urbanization strategy, as well as the development of a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that complement each other's strengths and promote high-quality development. Regional changes in urban expansion scale, industrial transformation, population flow and other factors will have an important impact on the high-quality development of cities and the goal of governance modernization. In recent years, the thinking mode of scale expansion and resource accumulation under the paradigm of urban “growth-ism” has been constantly questioned. The phenomenon of local contraction under general growth brought about by the gradient aggregation of population under the effect of flowing space has aroused the research and attention of the practical and academic circles. Based on the interdisciplinary concepts of urban planning, regional economics and public management, and based on the theory of urban life development cycle, this paper attempts to explore the phenomenon of local contraction behind rapid spread in urban areas. First of all, based on the specific scenario and spatial field of urban development with Chinese characteristics, the paper summarizes the current phenomena from four dimensions of increment-stock, resource-capital, reality-expectation and administration-entity. Secondly, taking the inland cities and above in Guangdong Province as the research object, the paper tracks the urban development pattern and shrinkage problems within the region, and further explores the problems and the generation mechanism behind them. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as shifting from “growth-ism” to “human-oriented regression”, paying attention to the changes of increment, stock and reduction planning and urban development elements, and exploring the urban goals of spreading-shrinking universal development compliance, high level promotion and top-level design for high-quality development.

Abstract:Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has elevated cultural construction to a new historical height. After entering a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, cultural construction has made tremendous development and changes, effectively promoting the historical process of Chinese path to modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to cultural development and construction. In his series of important speeches on culture, he has put forward a series of new thoughts and new viewpoints with profound and rich contents. On this basis, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has taken shape. The formation of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture marks that the cultural cognition and ideology of the CPC have reached an unprecedented new height. The process of systematically sorting out the discourse system and great significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is also the process of sorting out the historical discourse, theoretical discourse, and Chinese discourse of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. Studying and elaborating on the discourse system and great significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in a theoretical way not only helps to deeply grasp the theoretical connotation and practical requirements of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, but also has significant theoretical and practical significance for promoting cultural construction in the new era and building a strong cultural country. From a historical perspective, the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is the foundation of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. From a theoretical perspective, the sinicization process of Marxist cultural theory has given new vitality to Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. From the perspective of Chinese discourse, in the grand cause of socialist cultural construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the generation process of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture reflects innovation and practicality, as an open achievement of continuous development. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is of great significance, providing strong theoretical and practical guidance for promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the construction of a cultural powerhouse, demonstrating China's confidence in history and culture to a new height. At the same time, as a new pearl on the world stage of human culture, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture will continue to shine with the light of truth, leading the world cultural order out of chaos, promoting global modernization, innovating the form of human civilization, and guiding the correct direction of development for the eternal civilization of humanity.

Abstract:In the era of diverse competition and interdependence in globalization, the special importance of constructing external narrative discourse systems is gradually becoming prominent. Constructing a complete and clear external narrative discourse system around the self shaping and other shaping of China's national image, telling the story of China well, making China's voice heard, and overcoming the serious deviation between China's comprehensive national strength and international discourse power are major and severe challenges facing contemporary China. This requires us to comprehensively grasp the problems and difficulties in China's external narrative discourse system. From an external perspective, China has long been subjected to strong containment and suppression by Western hegemonic discourse. From an internal perspective, the construction of China's external narrative discourse system is relatively lagging behind. At the same time, China's external narrative discourse also faces issues such as identity dilemma and discourse wear and tear in the process of interlingual conversion, resulting in China being difficult to articulate in the international political arena. It can be said that building a high-quality and efficient Chinese external narrative discourse system is imperative. Overall, the construction of the external narrative discourse system relies on the selection of events, the condensation of discourse, the setting of issues, and the adherence to commitments. The operation of the system requires coordinating the interactive relationship between the speaker and the receiver, improving the effectiveness of speaking and listening through indirect interaction, and linking the internal logical connections of temporal and spatial narrative, comparative narrative, and methodological narrative. Only by achieving resonance and linkage among the above three can the voice be maximized, achieving both reasoning and presentation. Based on this, the construction of an innovative Chinese external narrative discourse system must be achieved through the use of weak advantages and flexible discourse strategies, the adoption of audience centered perspectives and segmented narratives, the innovation and expression of distinctive discourse, and the audio-visual symbolization of narrative discourse. It is necessary to create new concepts, categories, and expressions that are easy for international audiences to understand and accept. It is not only necessary to have words to say, but also to spread and make people believe, in order to get rid of the dilemma of national voice weakness, better transform China's institutional advantages and development advantages into discourse advantages, form an international discourse power that matches China's comprehensive national strength and international status, and establish its own subject position and credibility in the new situation and diverse world pattern.

Abstract:Under the current background of globalization and informatization, the Party and the government attach great importance to the development of new quality productivity, especially strategic emerging industries, to achieve high-quality economic development. Education, science and technology, and talents, as the core elements of national development, their coupling and coordinated development is of vital significance for promoting strategic emerging industries. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2022, this study constructs a systematic evaluation index system for education, science and technology, and talents, and uses entropy weight-TOPSIS method and coupling coordination degree model to quantitatively measure the coupling coordination degree of education, science and technology, and talents in China. This paper reveals the spatio-temporal evolution of their coupling coordination degree and its promoting effect on the development of strategic emerging industries. In the process of concrete demonstration, the theoretical framework of the coupling and coordinated development of education, science and technology, and talents is researched and constructed, and the action mechanism of the coupling and coordination degree on the digitalization level, on the strategic emerging industries and the mediating effect of digitalization level are tested. The results show that the coupling and coordination degree can be improved with the help of digital level, so as to promote the development of strategic emerging industries more effectively. Through measurement research, it is found that the coupling and coordination degree of education, science and technology, and talents in China shows an overall trend of fluctuation and rise, indicating that China has made some achievements in promoting the coordinated development of education, science and technology, and talents. However, it is further found that there is significant heterogeneity in the development level of the coupling and coordinated development of education, science and technology, and talents on the development of strategic emerging industries through the improvement of digital level. This phenomenon of unbalanced spatial development indicates that there are great differences in the development level of different regions in China. Based on the above findings, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, actively promote the reform of the education system, optimize the allocation of educational resources, improve the quality of education, and cultivate more high-quality talents. Second, increase investment and incentives for scientific and technological innovation, encourage enterprises, universities and research institutions to strengthen cooperation, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Third, improve the talent development ecology, establish a sound talent incentive mechanism, and attract and retain high-level talents. In addition, promote the application of digital technologies, accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure, and improve the level of digital services to promote industrial upgrading and innovative development. Finally, deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, stimulate the vitality of state-owned enterprises, and improve their leading role in strategic emerging industries.

Abstract:The coordinated arrangement of education, science and technology, and talent is a strategic deployment made at the 20th CPC National Congress. The establishment of the Central Science and Technology Commission by the CPC Central Committee aims to strengthen the Central Committee's overall coordination ability for national strategic science and technology undertakings, and to address issues such as low overall efficiency of the innovation system, insufficient integration of scientific and technological innovation resources, the need to optimize the layout of scientific and technological innovation forces, and the relatively low input-output efficiency of scientific and technological investment. Developing new quality productive forces and promoting the integrated allocation of scientific and technological innovation factors is a major reform task to serve the building of the country's strategic scientific and technological forces. High-level research universities have the attributes of education base, science and technology position and talent highland, but several imperfections and irrationalities in the allocation of science, technology and innovation factors, and the problem of resource mismatch and waste persist. Improving the integration level of the three most critical innovation factors, namely positions, projects, and funds, and transforming from a scientific and technological management mode centered on factors to an organizational mode centered on people will effectively break through the “last mile” in the utilization of scientific and technological talents, and play a demonstrative role for other scientific and technological research and development institutions. This paper mainly uses the literature research method and comparative research method to firstly analyze the organization mode of talents in universities in the United States, Britain, Germany and other world's scientific and technological powerhouses, and disassemble the job appointment, element supply, resource sharing and benefit distribution methods in different organization modes. Secondly, based on the actual situation of Chinese universities, it draws on the strengths of the organizational models of different countries, and in the context of organized scientific research, it explores an integrated organizational model that is suitable for the new development stage of universities with a systematic thinking, and proposes implementation paths and examples. The main ideas of the organizational model of integrating positions, projects and funds proposed in this paper are as follows: Instead of treating various innovation factors in isolation, relying on the advantages of the Party organizations in universities as the central nodes of the network management structure, giving full play to the strong organizational power in aspects such as centralized and unified leadership, linkage between superior and subordinate organizations, and close contact with the masses, using an integrated hybrid organizational model to strengthen the overall allocation of key innovation factors, stimulating the internal motivation and innovation vitality of people, and forming an organized scientific research ecosystem centered on scientists.

Abstract:The days from the spring of 1941 to 1943 were the most difficult period of the War of Resistance Against Japan in the North China base areas. In the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region, the base areas had been reduced from more than 50 complete counties in early 1939 to seven counties in 1942, when the worst occurred. Some villages in the base areas of southern Hebei were very close to enemy strongholds and bunkers, between which there was no village. The base area in Shandong was seriously encroached upon by the Japanese and the puppet army and by the end of 1942 the area of the base area had shrunk by about one third from that of 1940. In the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area, due to the continuous “sweeping”, “nibbling” and “blocking” of the base by the invading Japanese Army, the troops and civilians in the border area faced the most difficult, arduous and dangerous period since the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan. This showed that all base areas behind enemy lines in North China were already facing extremely serious and dangerous living spaces. To reserve this crisis, each base area used the military wisdom, mechanism and strategies of the war of resistance, using the weak to counter the strong, avoiding the solid and striking the weak, and carried out counter-“sweeping”operations with wit, dexterity, bravery but with great difficulty. For example, there were all respectively successful battle cases and miracles of unexpected victories in the process of counter-“sweeping” in the Shandong Anti-Japanese base area, the Jilu-Henan Anti-Japanese base area and the Jin-Cha-Ji Anti-Japanese base area, which showed the dialectical process of mutual transformation and translocation between our inferiority and the enemy's superiority. In the process against enemy's “nibbling away” and “prisoner's cage”, the strategy and tactics of “enemy advancing and us advancing” adopted in the base areas more intensively reflected the accurate application of dialectics. The emergence of armed working teams behind enemy lines made the enemy lines “two worlds a day, the Japanese world in the daytime and the Eighth Route Army world in the evening”. As a result, the enemy's military superiority gradually disappeared, and the base areas behind the enemy gradually passed through the most difficult and dangerous period. By 1944, the base areas in North China were restored and developed. The each base areas overcame the crisis and achieved rapid recovery and development, but also strongly supported the war of resistance on the frontal battlefield, and also played a mainstay role in the lasting persistence and support of the eastern battlefield in the international anti-fascist war.

Abstract:The political guidance office was a transitional political work organization established in universities from 1952 to 1957, which fully demonstrated the organizational construction and institutional exploration of the Communist Party of China in building new socialist universities. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to achieve the goal of replacing old education with new education, the political and ideological leadership in universities must be strengthened. Under the situation of insufficient Party members and cadres in universities, unsound Party building foundation and system construction to be promoted, universities adopted the way of trial and gradual promotion to set up political guidance offices, establishing the system of political work. In practice and exploration, political guidance office gradually took on the organizational attribute of Party-government integration. It was not only the office of the Party committee, but also a part of the administrative organization of the school, working under the dual leadership of the Party committee and the president. Under the political guidance office were the organization section, the propaganda section, the youth section, the mass work section and other working sections. Universities provided the political guidance office with leading cadres and political counselors, formed the corresponding working system, and gave full play to the role of being exclusively responsible for political and ideological work. As a transitional institution, the system design showed the characteristic of the combination of unity and flexibility, which provided development space for universities to adjust measures according to the actual situation. The political guidance office targeted all the faculty and students in the school, and mainly undertook four tasks around the political and ideological work: to organize and carry out political theory study and social activities, to understand and reflect the ideological situation of teachers and students to promote educational reform, to combine political work with teaching work to ensure the completion of the education plan, to assess the political and ideological situation of teachers and students to provide reference for teacher development and student training. In practice, problems of the political guidance offices such as ambiguous organizational positioning, unclear division of work with other institutions, and insufficient work experience and professional ability of cadres were increasingly showing. With the strengthening of the Party's cadre and Party-building foundation in universities, the Party organization can carry out political and ideological work. After 1957, the political guidance office gradually withdrew from universities. Its work responsibilities and staff have been transferred to the Party committees of universities, making the Party committees of universities more robust. This has laid the organizational foundation for further exerting the Party's leading role and establishing the Party committee system. The political guidance office relieved the plight of the Party's weak leadership in political work in universities in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It played an important role in building the political work system in the transitional period, establishing the leading position of the Party organization in universities, and constructing the leading and management system of higher education with Chinese characteristics, which taking the Party committee system as the core. In addition, the political guidance office left behind valuable historical experience and institutional heritage.

Abstract:At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Peking, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places were occupied one after another, and a large number of educated young people were momentarily out of school and left their hometowns and embarked on the road of exile. As a temporary capital and transportation hub, Wuhan has become a temporary place for exiled youth to seek national salvation and personal future. At the same time, they also began to face a variety of life choices here. In turbulent times, they made life choices one after another after weighing factors such as national security, career prospects, family life, and even inner emotions. Among them, educated youth with high revolutionary ideals and enthusiasm for resisting Japanese aggression, under the absorption and cultivation of the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Hubei provincial Party committee, have gradually undertaken the important tasks of national salvation propaganda in Wuhan and Hubei counties, Party organization development, and the formation of local guerrilla forces for resisting Japanese aggression. After experiencing the difficulties of revolution for the first time, the educated youth may have hesitated about the life path they chose, but this is the most real presentation of human nature. In the war environment, many unknown and uncontrollable factors constantly revised the life path of the educated youth, but also made them learn to obey the organization and discipline, and concede their personal ideals and personal desires to the realistic needs of the revolution. Therefore, joining the revolution is not a career choice that can be completed in an instant, but a life path that can be cleared only after a long time of honing and precipitation. Under the effective guidance and cultivation of the Communist Party of China and Youth League, the exiled intellectual youth have made firm life choices when facing contradictions and conflicts between their individual fate and national crisis, personal ideals and the needs of the revolutionary reality, but it also means that all things and situations involving personal, family and other private areas will undergo disruptive changes, and they even need to put lives aside. In the end, these educated youths, after experiencing the brutal struggle against enemies and the tempering of will, took root in the Hubei-Henan border region of the Communist Party of China and the fifth division of the New Fourth Army, and evolved into real professional revolutionaries and indispensable forces in the revolutionary team.

Abstract:Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law contains a series of important expositions on the constitution, which profoundly explain the core meaning of Chinese constitution, enrich and develop the theory and practice of the socialist constitution with Chinese characteristics, and mark that the Party's understanding and practice of the constitution has reached a new height. To study and analyze the theoretical characteristics and practical orientations of the constitution in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law will not only help to learn and understand the profound connotation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law from the perspective of the constitution, but also help to provide guidelines for action in the theory and practice of governing the country according to the constitution in the new era. The organic unity of upholding the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to the rule of law has always held an important position in China's political and legal discourse system. It runs through General Secretary Xi Jinping's systematic exposition on the constitution. It is a key clue to understand the political connotation, the people's attribute and practical orientation of Chinese constitution. Among them, upholding the leadership of the Party is the primary political connotation of China's constitution. Chinese constitution thus bears an important political mission. It is the fundamental rule of law guarantee for consolidating and safeguarding the Party's leadership, improving the Party's governing ability and leadership, ensuring that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the CPC, always march forward courageously along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and comprehensively promote the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese path to modernization. The people being the masters of the country highlights the people's attribute of China's constitution. China's constitution is the people's constitution. The core content of the constitution embodies the people-centered value concept. Fairness and justice are the noble pursuit of the implementation of the constitution, and the fundamental interests of the people are the ultimate destination of the implementation of the constitution. Only by firmly relying on the Chinese people under the leadership of the Party can the constitution always maintain vitality and vigor. The practical orientation of the strategic layout of comprehensive implementation of the constitution focuses on the effective realization of the organic unity of upholding the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to the rule of law. Upholding the leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for the full implementation of the constitution; The people being the masters of the country is the foundation for the full implementation of the constitution; Governing the country according to the rule of law not only is the inevitable requirement for the full implementation of the constitution, but also provides a solid legal foundation for the full implementation of the constitution. It is the adherence to and realization of the organic unity of upholding the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to the rule of law that ensures that the full implementation of the constitution is not an empty declaration, but has a specific practical path and solid implementation foundation. The political connotation carried and the fundamental interests of the people protected by the constitution thus can be effectively implemented. General Secretary Xi Jinping's systematic interpretation of the constitution has formed a scientific and complete theoretical system and discourse system about the Chinese Constitution, which is completely different from the Western constitutional discourse model. This provides scientific guidance for us to better understand China's constitution, and also sets a correct model for the theoretical research of China's constitutional law. China's constitutional law should be rooted in the history and practice of China's constitution. Focusing on China's real and vivid political and legal practice is the key to understand the real situation of China's constitution, promote the implementation of China's constitution, and establish the discipline system, academic system and discourse system of China's constitutional law.

Abstract:Article 38 of China's E-Commerce Law establishes the security care obligations of e-commerce platform operators, and extends the applicable medium of security care obligations from physical space to virtual cyberspace, which is conducive to strengthening the protection of consumers' personal and property safety. However, the legislative expression of Article 38 of the E-Commerce Law is not refined enough, which makes it possible for paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article to overlap in application scope, and there is a value evaluation contradiction in the allocation of responsibilities. Moreover, this article does not establish a clear standard for identifying the fault, damage, causality and other constituent elements of the tort liability of platform operators for breaching security care obligations, which brings difficulties to the application of law in judicial decisions. In addition, the expression of “corresponding liability” in Article 38(2) is too vague and generalized, giving the referee too much discretion. Furthermore, the academic community has been arguing about the form of liability of corresponding liability, which leads to inconsistency in judicial practice. In order to eliminate the above disadvantages, in terms of system coordination, it should be considered that Article 38(1) regulates contributory infringement, and “should know” in this paragraph should be interpreted as “have reason to know”. Article 38(2) regulates separate torts with concurrent causation. Platform operators who meet this case type must have no intention to help the operators in the platform to implement the infringement. This can clarify the scope of application of the two paragraphs of Article 38, and resolve the value evaluation contradiction between them. In terms of liability composition, it should be considered that the object of protection of Article 38(1) covers all civil rights and interests that may be infringed by the perpetrator through the network. The fault judgment of violating this paragraph can be determined by drawing lessons from the fault judgment rules of indirect tort liability of network service providers. The determination of causality in violation of this paragraph can be simplified through the implicature and integrity of behaviors of the aider and the aided. The object of protection of Article 38(2) is limited to the rights and interests of natural persons in life and health. The fault judgment of violating this paragraph can be determined by referring to the judgment standard of tort liability for violating the safety guarantee obligation of public places stipulated in Article 1198 of the Civil Code. The causality judgment of violating this paragraph should be based on the premise of distinguishing whether consumers are infringed by platform operators or operators in the platform, flexibly apply the causality test methods such as but-for-test, adequate causation theory, foreseeability theory or danger scope theory. In this way, we can construct a perfect standard for liability composition of platform operators who violate their security obligations. On the apportionment of tort liability, it is necessary to classify the subjective mentality of the platform operators and operators in the platform when they commit tort acts. To be specific, when both are negligent infringement, “corresponding liability” should be interpreted as proportional liability; When the two are intentional infringement and negligent infringement respectively, “corresponding liability” should be interpreted as partial joint and several liability. When both are intentional infringement, “corresponding liability” should be interpreted as joint and several liability. This can clarify the specific meaning of “corresponding liability” and provide clear guidance for judicial practice.

Abstract:Authentication is an important way to exam and identify electronic evidence, and it's also a prerequisite for judging the evidence capability of electronic evidence. As the king of evidence in the age of network information, electronic evidence is being used in an increasingly wide range of judicial practices. However, electronic evidence is virtual and is easily tampered with, which makes the examination of the completeness and authenticity of electronic evidence more difficult. How to ensure that electronic evidence will not be tampered with or deleted in evidence circulation is the important and difficult points in authentication. Because distributed ledger, asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, timestamp and other technologies are embedded in blockchain storage, the electronic evidence can't be tampered with and deleted after entering the blockchain, and the work of authentication can be accomplished. With the increasingly widespread application of blockchain storage technology in social life and work areas, its combination with electronic evidence derives the electronic evidence of blockchain, a new type of electronic evidence. Some scholars take the blockchain storage of electronic evidence as electronic evidence of blockchain, and discuss the authentication of such electronic evidence. But the two are different, with the latter a type of electronic evidence and the former a way of authentication. In addition, they are differing in the time of evidence preservation, degree of authenticity and identity, factual relevance, value function and so on. Thus, from the perspective of the function of blockchain storage, if the electronic evidence has been authenticated, it doesn't need to be authenticated again. If we authenticate it again, the legitimacy and necessity of implementing the blockchain storage of electronic evidence in judicial practice will be greatly reduced. As a way of authentication, blockchain storage is differ from electronic evidence of blockchain in terms of authenticity and identity. This misconception taking blockchain storage as electronic evidence of blockchain and authenticating it stems mainly from theoretical misunderstanding of the blockchain storage of electronic evidence. The generation of electronic evidence of blockchain depends on the generation and development of blockchain technology, and has the unique characteristics of blockchain technology. The generation of electronic evidence which is storaged by blockchain aren't depend on the blockchain technology. The blockchain storage platform is the tool for preserving and fixing the electronic evidence, which will not generate new evidence to prove the facts of a case. It undertakes the same functions as traditional authentication methods, which makes authentication about electronic evidence move from systematic presumption of authenticity to self-attestation of authenticity by technology, and promotes the diversified development of electronic evidence authentication. What's more, blockchain storage of electronic evidence can only provide guarantee for the formal authenticity of electronic evidence entering the blockchain and the opposite party also can challenge the authenticity.

Abstract:The development of big data and artificial intelligence has profoundly influenced the social life of human beings, changed our production and life style and led to a number of challenges for the law. We are moving from the internet society to the algorithmic society, with algorithms intervening in the overall private law field including contracts, torts, corporate governance, insurance contracts, and securities transactions in different forms and latitudes. In the algorithmic society of artificial intelligence, the group of algorithmic consumers formed. The premise for discussing how algorithms affect the effectiveness of legal acts is whether they affect person's intention manifestation. Algorithms are series of digital program logic constructed on the basis of natural language. Algorithms have a certain degree of learning ability, which can learn continuously and deeply through big data. However, it is neither learning in cognitive level nor human learning. The essence of algorithms is a kind of procedural Marble Maze Game based on Boolean algebra, which does not conform to the structure of intention manifestation in civil law. The intention manifestation made by the algorithmic system of automated decision-making is still an extension of human intention manifestation. Algorithm users form algorithm power based on big data and algorithm divide, which will affect the system of intention manifestation. Algorithm will not pose a fundamental challenge to the effectiveness system of legal acts, but it needs to be reinterpreted in the specific constitutive elements of mistake and fraud. When it comes to interpretation, a distinction needs to be made between different scenes where the user of algorithms is the actor or his counterpart in discussion. In the algorithmic society, consumers evolve to a new type of consumers: algorithmic consumers. In response to the inadequate algorithmic consumer protection in the existing private law framework, the mode of truly disclosure obligation in the Insurance Law should be adjusted, and the Consumer Law should reshape the rights and obligations between operators and consumers. In commercial and financial field, financial institutions using algorithms will have a higher duty of care. Multi-dimensional factors should be considered in algorithmic consumer protection. On the one hand, it is necessary to build a personal information protection system and take information fiduciary duty as corporate social responsibility. On the other hand, we should build the algorithmic transparency system, algorithmic audit system, algorithmic ethics and other comprehensive supervision systems to regulate algorithm. The essence of regulating algorithms through laws and rules is to regulate how algorithmic users (such as algorithmic businesses or platforms) use algorithms regularly and reasonably in the process of online transactions or operations. The present research on artificial intelligence should return to academic rationality and avoid blindly following the trend of fantastic jurisprudence. The core and key of algorithmic consumer protection in the algorithmic era lies in how to strike a balance between personal information protection, algorithm regulation and algorithmic enterprise development.

Abstract:Regulating cyber violence according to law is the core goal of cyberspace governance in the new era. At present, China's laws and regulations in this field are scattered in various legislative documents of different natures and levels, which leads to the fragmentation, overlapping and even contradictions of legal provisions. The dispersion and inconsistency of this legal system not only affect the implementation effect of the law, but also cause problems such as unclear responsibility and difficult implementation in specific operations. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically sort out the existing policy texts, analyze the governance framework and its potential problems, and improve the governance level of cyber violence. This paper collects 22 policy documents on cyber violence governance issued by China from 2009 to 2024, compares and analyzes the data by using procedural grounded theory, condenses relevant concepts and categories, and finally constructs the logical framework of governance. The research shows that China has initially established three major network violence governance mechanisms: comprehensive governance mechanism, judicial governance mechanism and long-term governance mechanism. First of all, in the stage of in-process governance, the state has formed a multi-level and multi-party participation comprehensive governance mechanism by clarifying the responsibilities of the government, platforms and users. Through effective collaboration, all parties promote the full participation and technical support of cyber violence governance. This mechanism shows a strong synergy in resolving technological risks, but there are still deficiencies in the analysis and response to social risks. Secondly, the judicial mechanism in the post-governance stage has realized the effective connection between civil, administrative and criminal laws through refined legal interpretation. This mechanism ensures that cyber violence can obtain judicial relief under different legal frameworks, but it still needs to be refined in specific practical standards. Especially between civil, administrative and criminal proceedings, the lack of a unified theory of practice may lead to difficulties in convergence in practice. Finally, the state has constructed a long-term governance mechanism with institutionalization as the core to ensure that the problem of cyber violence in different situations can be dealt with continuously and effectively. Through process-oriented arrangements, the mechanism can respond quickly to cyber violence and provide long-term solutions. However, there are still deficiencies in the supervision of platform power, especially that the legal provisions are not perfect in effectively supervising platforms' fulfillment of their governance responsibilities. In summary, the future governance direction should include: strengthening the prevention and control of social risks of cyber violence, further refining the practical standards of judicial governance mechanism and improving the supervision mechanism of platform power, so as to promote the legalization and modernization of cyber violence governance in China and build a more perfect cyberspace governance system.

Abstract:In recent years, the number of cases of sexual assaults against underage females by family members has risen sharply. The problem of sexually assaulting minors by personnel with special responsibilities has become prominent, and the calls for severe punishment have risen. However, the current provisions of the crime of rape are often powerless for such sexual assault. In response to the public's call, Amendment XI to the Criminal Law added the crime of sexual assault by personnel with care responsibilities, filled the punishment loopholes, and tightened the criminal law network. Persons with special responsibilities such as guardianship, adoption, care, education, medical care, etc., when they have sexual relations with underage females aged 14 to 16, often find that underage females are reluctant despite their superficial consent, which is the reason for the criminalization of this act. There are differences in the degree of violation of will, including partial violation and complete violation of will. The crime of rape is complete violation of will and violates females' absolute sexual autonomy. This crime is partial violation of the will of underage females and violates the relative sexual autonomy of underage females. This crime is not an abstract dangerous crime against sexual autonomy, but a real crime. The legal interest is a pre-legislation concept, which provides the direction and guidance of legislation, while normative purpose is the purpose of legislators to add specific provisions, which is the conclusion after legislation. In order to fully protect the relative sexual autonomy of underage females aged 14 to 16, legislators use legally irrefutable legal presumption in principle. Therefore, the normative purpose of this crime and the protection of legal interests are separated, and the protection scope of normative purposes is greater than the content of protecting legal interests. The reason why there are two diametrically opposite views on the relationship between this crime and the crime of rape is that there are different understandings of whether the violation of will of the victim is the constituent element of this crime. From the perspective of protecting legal interests, this crime and rape are exclusive. However, as far as the normative purpose of this crime is concerned, the violation of will of the victim is not a constituent element of this crime, and there is a competition between this crime and the constituent elements of the crime of rape. The first way to exclude from this crime is to substantively interpret the constituent elements with the protecting legal interests, exclude elements that cannot have a substantial impact on females' sexual autonomy from the constituent elements, and reasonably delineate the scope of application of the constituent elements. The second is to analyze from normative purposes. Judging from the provisions of this crime, in the case of persons with special responsibilities have sexual relations with underage females aged 14 to 16, this crime is an irrefutable legal presumption, but when the victims take the initiative, this crime should be understood as a rebuttable legal presumption. This not only protects the sexual autonomy of underage females aged 14 to 16, but also does not expand the scope of punishment, which is conducive to the dual protection of the legitimate rights and interests of victims and perpetrators.

Abstract:The high-standard socialist market economy system is the major economic development strategy proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping on the basis of fully judging the reality of domestic and foreign economic development. Its proposal marks a new stage of the economic development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China highly affirmed the guarantee of high-standard socialist market economy system on Chinese-style modernization, and provided new coordinates for deepening understanding and grasping what it was, and how to do it. From the perspective of core essentials, the high-standard socialist market economy system for Chinese-style modernization effectively demonstrates its unique value advantages, target advantages, and regulation advantages. Unlike the ultimate goal of capitalist market economy system in capital proliferation, the people's position is the primary content reflecting the high value of socialist market. The socialist modern power is the core content reflecting the high-standard goals of socialist market. And the efficient market and proactive government are the basic content reflecting the high-standard regulation of socialist market economy. From the perspective of value, the high-standard socialist market economy system for Chinese-style modernization is a strategic measure to respond to the profound changes unseen in a century, achieve high-quality development and adapt to new productivity. Activating the endogenous motivation of high-standard socialist market economy is to enhance the core strategy of strengthening content to respond to the profound changes unseen in a century. From the perspective of advancement path, the high-standard socialist market economic system for Chinese-style modernization needs to further strengthen the design of the top-level system and grass-roots practice, effectively take into account the sustainable development of new productivity and old productivity, and coordinate the implementation of the thinking of the rule of law and morality.

Abstract:The history of human civilization is essentially a history of the development of productive forces and the relationship between humans and nature. The development of industrial civilization to the stage of ecological civilization is essentially a process in which new quality productive forces with ecological elements replace traditional backward productive forces. New quality productivity with ecological elements injects new momentum and points out new directions for Chinese path to modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping stands at the forefront of the times, clearly stating that new quality productivity is born from revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading, and making the scientific assertion that “new quality productivity itself is green productivity”. Technological innovation stimulates the ecological elements of traditional productivity, leads the construction of new quality ecological relationships, forms green productivity, solves the ecological dilemma of traditional productivity development, promotes the formation of new quality states and changes in productivity, and ultimately forms new quality productivity. The ecological elements of new quality productivity include the ecological intelligence of workers, the green intelligence of labor materials, and the sustainable efficiency of labor objects. The systematic coupling and functional play of the three demonstrate the essential requirements of green development. From its internal logic, the ecological wisdom of workers reshapes natural cognition and stimulates the main vitality of ecological elements in new quality productivity; The green, intelligent, innovative and natural transformation power of labor materials is the driving force carrier of ecological elements of new quality productivity; The sustained efficiency of labor objects regulates the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and consolidates the material foundation of ecological elements of new quality productivity. In the process of Chinese path to modernization of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, it is necessary to give full play to the main production function of workers with ecological intelligence, focus on giving play to the innovative driving function of labor materials with green intelligence, give full play to the ecological benefit function of labor objects with sustainable efficiency, vigorously develop new quality productivity, and promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development.