Abstract:The intelligent economy—defined by data, algorithms, and computing power as key production factors and by the deep integration of intelligent technologies throughout the entire production process—is reshaping production modes, capital circulation, and governance mechanisms, and has become an important driving force for China’s high-quality development. Against the backdrop of advancing the “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative, accelerating the development of new-quality productive forces, and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee emphasizing the direction of intelligent, green, and integrated development, examining the internal logic of the intelligent economy and its mechanisms for promoting high-quality development holds significant theoretical and practical value. Drawing on Marxist political economy, this paper analyzes the structural impacts of the intelligent economy from the perspectives of production modes, capital circulation, and institutional regulation. In terms of production logic, the intelligent economy reconstructs production organization through data-driven processes, human-machine collaboration, cross-boundary integration, and co-creation and sharing. Real-time data recording reduces time frictions among production, warehousing, logistics, and sales, enabling a shift from preset planning to dynamic adjustment. Human-machine collaboration transforms labor from experiential activities into knowledge-based and system-oriented work. Cross-boundary integration, supported by unified data and algorithmic systems, reorganizes industrial chains and gives rise to networked and coordinated production structures. Co-creation and sharing enhance the socialization of production and accelerate the diffusion of knowledge and innovation. In terms of capital logic, intelligent technologies compress production and circulation time, accelerating capital turnover and increasing the frequency of surplus value realization, thereby shifting economic growth from factor-driven to efficiency-driven. Algorithms enhance capital’s ability to identify profit signals, making cross-sectoral flows more responsive and strengthening the mechanism of profit-rate equalization. Intelligent manufacturing, digital supply chains, and industrial internet systems improve labor productivity, optimize cost structures, and extend the service life of fixed capital, expanding profit margins and promoting new patterns of capital allocation within the industrial system, thus advancing industrial upgrading toward higher technological levels and greater value added. In terms of institutional logic, the intelligent economy is characterized by high investment intensity, long cycles, and strong interdependence, requiring patient capital and institutional regulation to support long-term innovation. Short-term profit-seeking capital tends to induce overinvestment and technological bubbles, whereas patient capital aligns capital recovery cycles with technological innovation cycles, ensuring stability. Meanwhile, the intelligent economy amplifies risks such as data monopolies, algorithmic bias, and systemic vulnerabilities, necessitating governance norms, risk classification, and long-term evaluation mechanisms to maintain coherence between innovation rhythms and the rhythm of social reproduction, thereby preventing financialization from undermining the real-economy foundation. Based on these analyses—and in alignment with the strategic arrangements, factor system reforms, and science-and-technology innovation directives set out in the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the 15th Five-Year Plan Proposals—this paper recommends constructing a policy framework for the intelligent economy across four dimensions: strategic coordination, innovation system development, factor optimization, and institutional safeguards. Such a framework will facilitate the integration of the intelligent economy into the value-creation process and generate a synergistic force for advancing high-quality development.

Abstract:The proposition of the concept Chinese People’s Economy constitutes a theoretical response to the evolution of the principal societal contradiction in China and the requirements of the high-quality development stage. It aims to promote a profound shift in economic theory from a material-centric orientation to a people-oriented orientation. By constructing an analytical framework encompassing theoretical evolution, accounting revolution, and practical pathways, this study systematically elucidates the three essential characteristics of the Chinese People’s Economy: Regarding developmental objectives, it achieves a shift in values from wealth accumulation to well-being enhancement; Regarding developmental drivers, it accomplishes an adjustment in production relations from factor-driven to innovation-driven growth; Regarding policy focus, it realizes a transformation of state functions from passive distribution to active empowerment. The research further reveals that the paradigm shift in the accounting system from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to Gross National Income (GNI) carries profound political economy implications. It marks a revolutionary change in accounting philosophy—from emphasizing territory-based measurement of production scale to focusing on people-based measurement of actual national income—making GNI a more suitable metric aligned with the people-centered principle. On a practical level, the study proposes the necessity of properly handling four pairs of major relationships: between the government and the market, between efficiency and equity, between self-reliance and openness, and between immediate and long-term considerations. It suggests building a supporting system through pathways such as ecologically-minded bringing in, leapfrogging going global, deep-level promoting circulation, and strategic investing in people. This provides a theoretical perspective for understanding the new paradigm of China’s economic development and offers academic support for solidly advancing the goals of common prosperity and Chinese modernization.

Abstract:Improving the financial regulatory system is the institutional cornerstone for stabilizing expectations, strengthening confidence, and preventing risks, and serves as a key fulcrum for building China into a financial powerhouse, advancing Chinese modernization, and pursuing a path of financial development with Chinese characteristics. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, important progress has been made in financial regulation: the restructuring of the institutional framework featuring “one committee, one central bank, one administration, and one commission” and a vertically integrated central-local regulatory system has been completed; macro-prudential and counter-cyclical policy tools have been refined; long-term governance mechanisms have been established for key areas such as platform economies, real estate, and local government financing vehicles; legal standards and information disclosure rules have been improved; and regtech development and the construction of data infrastructure have been advanced, together shaping a more centralized and unified regulatory landscape. At the same time, intensifying horizontal risk transmission and chain amplification, persistent regulatory fragmentation and blurred accountability, rapid fintech iteration and business convergence, increasingly volatile cross-border shocks, and shortages of high-calibre, multidisciplinary supervisory talent all raise the bar for regulatory capacity and governance efficiency. Looking to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, this paper argues that China should further improve its financial regulatory system with Chinese characteristics, implement full-coverage regulation that extends horizontally to all sectors and vertically to all levels, promote the integrated upgrading of digital-intelligent enablement and data governance, improve cross-border enforcement cooperation and crisis resolution mechanisms, and strengthen the training and rotation of high-calibre, multidisciplinary regulatory talent. The aim is to build a modern financial regulatory system that is coordinated and efficient, fully covered, and grounded in the rule of law, thereby contributing uniquely Chinese wisdom to the ongoing transformation of global financial regulation.

Abstract:Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development point out that it is necessary to promote the efficient allocation of various factor resources, and establish and improve a unified urban-rural construction land market, a capital market with complete functions, a labor market with smooth mobility, and a technology market with efficient transformation. As one of the most important factors of production, there is a structural mismatch in China’s capital market, and innovative financial products and services are the effective carriers of smoothing capital flow. Relying on cloud computing, big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence and other digital technologies, fintech applies advanced means to the whole process of financial services, creates business models, applications and products different from traditional finance, and realizes the innovation and upgrading of financial business. Under the realistic demand of transforming the mode of economic development, it is significant to explore the relationship between fintech and capital mismatch to optimize resource allocation and build a new development pattern. Although the literature has sought to improve resource allocation from the perspective of financial development, there is little literature that directly incorporates fintech and capital mismatch into the same analytical framework, and because of the technology-driven attributes of fintech, its effect imposes requirements on capital conditions. So, this paper searches Baidu’s webpage through the keywords of “city+year+fintech”， measures the level of fintech in the city-year with the total number of search result pages, measures the capital mismatch index based on the C-D production function, and utilizes panel data of 283 prefectural-level cities in the period of 2005-2021, and uses the models of two-way fixed effect and instrumental variables to explore the effect of fintech on capital mismatch and its functioning mechanism under the situation of over-allocation and under-allocation of capital, respectively. It is found that when capital is over-allocated, fintech can improve the degree of over-allocation, i.e. there is the phenomenon of sending charcoal in snow, and when capital is under-allocated, fintech worsens the degree of under-allocation, i.e. there is the phenomenon of adding frost to snow, and this conclusion still holds after the endogeneity treatment and a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is heterogeneity in the role of fintech in influencing capital mismatch based on the labor allocation situation, which is mainly reflected in the fact that when capital is over-allocated, fintech has a more significant improving effect on labor under-allocated areas. Mechanism analysis shows that financial upgrading effect, innovation environment effect and government governance effect play a moderating role in the process of fintech affecting capital mismatch. Based on this, we suggest promoting the application of fintech in the capital market, especially focusing on the problem of disliking the poor and liking the rich, and giving play to the value of fintech’s inclusive services; upgrading fintech’s ability to support innovation, better serving scientific and technological innovation, and enhancing the sustainability of fintech’s development; reviewing the role of the government, reducing unreasonable government intervention, and promoting the healthy development of fintech, so as to optimize the allocation of regional capital and achieve high-quality economic development.

Abstract:Digital transformation is a necessary pathway for high-quality development of enterprises, which utilizes underlying technologies to update the technological innovation model of enterprises and assists in high-quality innovation. The digitization of enterprises has the characteristics of high risk, long cycle, and high uncertainty, which determines that enterprises have significant limitations in financing. Based on literature review and empirical testing, this paper analyzes whether fintech can promote digitization of enterprises and its mechanisms, providing a new perspective for enterprises to achieve high-quality development and a reference basis for accelerating the formation of a new digital pattern. From 2011-2021, research subjects will include nonfinancial A-share companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen, this paper tests the influence of firms’ utilization of fintech on digitization of enterprises by constructing a two-way fixed effects model. With a mediation effect model, the mechanisms of information quality and enterprise risk-taking in the digital transformation of fintech and enterprises are analyzed. With a moderating effect model, the impact of the business environment on fintech and corporate digital transformation is examined. Research findings show that fintech can facilitate digitization of enterprises, with a temporal spillover effect; multiple effects analysis shows that in the process of fintech influencing the digitization of enterprises, there are partial mediating effects on information quality and enterprise risk-taking level; the business environment has a noticeable positive regulatory effect. Furthermore, based on the heterogeneity analysis of enterprise nature, financial regulatory intensity, and regional characteristics, it is found that among enterprises with higher levels of digitalization, strong financial regulation, and those belonging to the eastern region, fintech has a more useful effect on the digitization of enterprises. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical results, this study provides theoretical reference and empirical guidance for achieving the digitization of enterprises in the context of a digital powerhouse. Firstly, we should strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure, and leverage the technological and informational effects of fintech to elevate firms’ risk-taking capacity, thereby enhancing their willingness and capability to advance digital transformation. Secondly, the government and relevant departments provide a friendly and clean business environment for local enterprises, ensuring that the relationship between government and enterprises does not cross boundaries and become strange. Thirdly, continuously improve the digital and online financial regulatory system to meet the needs of enterprise digital transformation and development. Fourthly, differentiated policies should be adopted for enterprises with different industry and regional characteristics. For technology intensive industries in the eastern region, the government should increase its support; for the central and western regions, the government should strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure and increase the willingness of enterprises to transform.

Abstract:Driven by the iterative development of information technology, AI technology based on algorithmic architecture and data-driven principles has become deeply embedded in modern social production chains, permeating all elements of productivity and integrating throughout the labor process. While this transformation unleashes economic efficiency, it also gives rise to new temporal alienation issues, such as compressed production cycles, fragmented labor time, and algorithmically controlled decision-making timelines. Scientifically understanding the socio-economic challenges posed by AI and its mechanisms for reshaping the temporal order of social production is not only critical for reinterpreting labor value and rebalancing distributive justice in the intelligent era but also constitutes a key proposition for constructing sustainable AI development pathways. Guided by the theme of AI reshaping the temporal order of social production, this article employs a three-dimensional analytical framework—phenomenon level, causation level, governance level—to elucidate the internal logic of AI-driven temporal restructuring and explore pathways for temporal liberation in the digital civilization era. At the phenomenon level, the analysis identifies temporal compression, fragmentation, hegemony, and gradient differentiation in social production processes, explaining their real-world challenges. The causation level follows an objective-subjective logic, constructing a technological empowerment-capital driven-data reinforcement-market decision transmission chain model to reveal the socio-economic structural forces reshaping temporal order through the interplay of objective technical conditions and subjective market choices: AI’s superiority in temporal processing over humans serves as the technological foundation for restructuring; Capital-driven increases in temporal density and capture of surplus value form the profit motive; Real-time feedback loops enabled by data reinforcement erode temporal sovereignty as the implementation tool; Market substitution gradients based on temporal structural differences reflect the selection logic. At the governance level, the article explores practical paths to rebuild human-centric temporal order beyond technical rationality, proposing a trinity governance paradigm: defense of temporal sovereignty, rebalancing of temporal value, and cognitive upgrading of temporal perception.

Abstract:New quality productivity is a new type of productivity that breaks through new technologies, allocates new elements, spawns new industries, creates new models, reshapes new drivers, and creates new values. As a multidimensional complex system composed of ecology, economy and society, forestry has played an important role in alleviating poverty and revitalizing rural areas, promoting the construction of an ecological civilization, and coping with climate change. However, due to multiple constraints such as business entities, forest ownership and resource endowments, the development of forestry still faces practical bottlenecks, including blocked innovation chains, unbalanced resource allocation and slow industrial upgrading, thus urgently requiring new driving forces to drive transformation. The development of new quality productivity is an internal requirement for solving the problems in high-quality development of forestry and is an important driving force for practicing the concept of “two mountains”, promoting the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and achieving the goal of Chinese modernization. Based on the existing relevant research results, this paper deconstructs the scientific connotation of the enabling role of new quality productivity in advancing forestry modernization from a four-dimensional framework of core-driven, subject composition, carrier form, and path realization, explores the basic logic and proposes development ideas. The paper suggests that new quality productivity drive the qualitative leap of forestry productivity in the process of forestry modernization through transmission mechanisms such as the revolutionary breakthrough of science and technology, the innovative allocation of production factors and the deep transformation and upgrading of industry. Combining the characteristics of China’s forestry development and comparing with traditional forestry productive forces, it can be found that: from the driving dimension, scientific and technological innovation is the core engine for enhancing new quality productivity, upgrading the forestry industrial structure, and promoting sustainable forestry development; From the subject dimension, high-quality talents, new digital and intelligent media, and sustainable innovative resources constitute the essential factor support for new forestry productivity; From the carrier dimension, emerging sectors such as forest breeding, forestry biotechnology, biomaterials, deep processing of forest products, biomass energy, and forest carbon sinks serve as the industrial basis for new forestry productivity; From the path dimension, green and low-carbon development is the fundamental principle for cultivating new forestry productivity. It can be seen from this that the formation of new quality productivity mainly depends on new quality production factors and their optimal combination, which promotes the transformation of the forestry production mode to biodiversity and friendly types, and drives the fundamental transformation of the forestry development concept, forestry development mode and forestry growth mode. To further develop new forestry productivity, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, break through the key technical bottlenecks in ecological protection and restoration, forest cultivation and sustainable management, efficient utilization of forestry resources, and support for rural revitalization; focus on key areas such as economic forests, wood processing, forestry tourism, national reserve forest projects, seedlings and flowers, the bamboo industry, and forest health care to cultivate new industries, new formats and new models in forestry; optimize the allocation of factors and build the forestry data factor market from the aspects of improving the quality of factor supply, exploring factor confirmation mechanism, building factor circulation market and strengthening the supervision of factor transactions; pay attention to talent guidance and improve the forestry talent training system in the aspects of national strategic forestry talent reserves, the talent development system and mechanism reform, and the talent education and training mode.

Abstract:Against the backdrop of the coordinated promotion of high-quality economic development and ecological civilization construction in China, environmental pollution has emerged as a focal issue in the pursuit of sustainable development. Enterprises, as the mainstay of market economic development and a significant source of environmental problems, play a crucial role in China’s journey towards achieving the dual carbon goals. Employees, as the participants and implementers of corporate operations, have behaviors that directly influence the realization of a company’s environmental performance. Consequently, there is growing attention and heightened importance placed on how to effectively motivate employees’ green behaviors. Based on the affective events theory, and building upon a systematic review of the concepts of responsible leadership and employees’ green behaviors, as well as past research findings, this study commences from the perspective of responsible leadership. By introducing two mediating variables, namely green human resource management and environmental responsibility, a chain mediating model is developed to probe into the mechanism through which responsible leadership impacts employees’ green behaviors. A key aspect of this exploration is to spotlight the mediating roles of green human resource management and environmental responsibility, thereby adding to the research on the determinants of green human resource management. Through a questionnaire survey, data were collected from manufacturing enterprises in regions such as Sichuan and Jiangsu. Structural equation modeling was employed for empirical analysis to test the research hypotheses and theoretical model. The results reveal that there is a significantly positive impact of responsible leadership on employees’ green behaviors. It suggests that responsible leadership can efficiently prompt employees’ green behaviors, and this, in turn, is beneficial for enterprises in reaching their environmental performance targets. Green human resource management serves as a mediator between responsible leadership and employees’ green behaviors. Similarly, environmental responsibility functions as a mediator in the relationship between responsible leadership and employees’ green behaviors. Responsible leadership indirectly influences employees’ environmental behaviors through the sequential transmission paths of green human resource management practices and environmental responsibility, exhibiting a chain mediating effect. Among these three paths, the mediating effect of green human resource management is the strongest. In the heterogeneity analysis, it is found that, compared with female employees, the impact of responsible leadership on employees’ green behaviors is more significant among male employees. When compared with enterprises in central and western regions, the impact of responsible leadership on employees’ green behaviors is more pronounced in enterprises in the eastern region. The management implications of the conclusions of this article are as follows: For enterprises, they should continuously improve green human resource management measures. Enterprises in the eastern region should leverage their economic foundation to create environmental protection practice cases. Enterprises in the central and western regions should strengthen industry-university-research cooperation and introduce advanced green technologies and management experience. For leaders, this study reveals the promoting effect of responsible leadership on employees’ green behaviors. Leaders should systematically convey the concept of corporate sustainable development to organizational members, integrate environmental protection values into daily management communication, consciously cultivate a team environmental protection culture, establish social norms that support green behaviors, and combine emotional identification with value internalization to motivate employees’ spontaneous environmental behaviors. For employees, they should take the initiative to enhance the level of environmental protection awareness, actively participate in sustainable development practices, and recognize and implement the enterprise’s green management concepts and related institutional arrangements, so as to support the healthy and sustainable development of the enterprise. Only through the coordinated efforts of enterprises, leaders, and employees can the realization of sustainable development goals be more effectively promoted.

Abstract:Social think tanks, characterized by their deep roots in society, interest neutrality, and strong professionalism, are an important component of the new type think tanks with Chinese characteristics. Possessing dual identities as both social organizations and think tanks, they exhibit significant differences from comprehensive think tanks, specialized think tanks, and corporate think tanks in terms of goal orientation, operational mechanisms, and resource utilization. The exertion of their influence is worthy of in-depth exploration. To explore the path to high-impact social think tanks, this study, based on the resource dependence theory, constructs a configuration effect model of social think tank influence. By comprehensively employing necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods, it identifies eight key condition variables from five dimensions: reputation resources, talent resources, communication resources, social resources, and international resources, and analyzes 25 representative social think tanks in China. This clarifies the configuration paths for Chinese social think tanks to achieve high impact, providing valuable references for the construction and development of social think tanks in China. The research findings are summarized follows: (1) Strong team strength, stable communication channels, diverse communication carriers, rich social activities, and extensive international cooperation are indispensable necessary factors in building high-impact social think tanks. (2) There exist three configuration paths for Chinese social think tanks to achieve high impact, with team strength, communication carriers, social activities, and international cooperation present in each path. Further analysis of the practical experience of representative think tanks in each path in building high impact reveals the key resources that Chinese social think tanks need to focus on to achieve high impact. Chinese social think tanks should closely integrate with the actual situation, integrate, allocate, and reorganize these resources, and choose the appropriate path to high impact based on their own characteristics and resource endowments. This study not only expands the theoretical perspective of think tank research but also provides an optimized resource allocation plan and path selection decision framework for the strategic planning of Chinese social think tanks, holding practical guiding value for improving the system of new type think tanks with Chinese characteristics.

Abstract:The 15th Five-Year Plan period is not only an important stage for advancing Chinese-style modernization but also a critical period for realizing the transformation of China’s development strategy paradigm. Catching-up has been the development strategy for latecomer countries to follow the lead of developed countries since the Industrial Revolution, exerting significant influence on global economic and social development. Constrained by the global capital accumulation structure, latecomer countries’ catch-up efforts have generally fallen into the predicament of being unable to achieve overtaking. The Communist Party of China, taking the Soviet Union as a model, established a catch-up development model led by heavy industry and defense industry. This not only effectively expanded and elevated the social space for catch-up development in underdeveloped countries in the East but also laid a solid material and social foundation for the transformation of the development strategy from catch-up to leading. Through the continuous development of reform and opening up, especially in the new era, China has achieved a historic leap in its global industrial division of labor status and role, accelerating the process of transforming its development strategy toward a leading paradigm. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China will accelerate its transformation from partial to comprehensive leading, and at the same time, it will provide development demonstrations for the world in terms of the national innovation system, industrial system transformation, and emerging and future industries. To this end, it is necessary to scientifically understand the paradigm shift of the development strategy that takes into account both catch-up and leading, to coordinate key technologies and new tracks in light of the new round of technological and industrial revolution, to promote the construction of a global governance system that highlights economic justice and value, and to comprehensively promote the paradigm shift of China’s development strategy in the 15th Five-Year Plan period, in order to accumulate strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Abstract:Tea, coffee, cocoa, and other addictive consumer goods became global commodities in a remarkably short time, driven by factors including advances in transportation and European colonialism. However, the fundamental driver was capital, which rapidly transformed these once-locally consumed goods into everyday global commodities. Capital alone was insufficient, and the most direct impetus came from its seamless integration with state power. The cannons aboard East India Company merchant ships and the company’s authority to exercise state power on the nation’s behalf exemplify this dynamic. Britain’s tea trade in the East, which turned tea into Britain’s national beverage and then a global commodity, serves as a prime example of modern commodity globalization. Though non-essential to daily life, dependence on addictive consumer goods grew stronger, closely linked to modern capitalism’s encouragement of luxury consumption.

Abstract:The study of global food history is flourishing, and there are currently two writing paradigms and two research orientations. Sorting out its path and methods centered on the “three staple crops” （maize, sweet potatoes, and potatoes) has demonstrative value. After the Age of Discovery, the “three staple crops” quickly spread globally, providing an excellent entry point to understand the formation of globalization and the modern world. Studying how the “three staple crops” spread in the process of globalization and how they promoted it is of great significance for us to understand the process of globalization and modernization. The history of the “three staple crops” entering China reflects not only the exchange between Chinese and Western cultures, but also the mutual learning of civilizations, recording the historical sites of coexistence, sharing, and prosperity between the East and the West. The “three staple crops” should be regarded as a whole for analogical analysis and pattern summarization; through the perspective of crop landscape, the traditional single narrative of global history can be broken, and the integration of internal and external history can be achieved under the research logic of promoting localization, technological localization, and cultural localization.

Abstract:The prevailing narrative holds that beer was introduced to China in the nineteenth century, when Chinese travelers first encountered it abroad. This paper challenges that narrative by tracing earlier cross-cultural encounters recorded in thirteenth-century travelogues. Missionaries who visited China during that period described locally brewed beverages made from rice or millet, which they referred to as beer. Although these drinks differed significantly from the barley- or oat-based beers of Europe, the missionaries applied a familiar term to categorize an analogous fermented beverage. Such linguistic and cultural conflations persisted even after European beer began to circulate in East Asia in the seventeenth century, when Dutch colonists described shaoxingjiu as Chinese beer based on perceived similarities according to what would today be considered industrial standards. These historical cases reveal the global character of beer as a non-distilled, cereal-based alcohol that emerged independently in multiple regions. The recognition of local variants through global interactions fostered both mutual understanding and the coexistence of material diversity. Beer, as a medium of global exchange, exemplifies how convergence in form does not necessarily imply uniformity in historical trajectories.

Abstract:The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in anchoring the vision for the 15th Five-Year Plan, clearly emphasizes the need to guide development with the new development philosophy and to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions. Against this backdrop, it is both necessary and important to conduct in-depth research on developing new quality productive forces across multiple fields, particularly exploring the intrinsic relationship between Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law and new quality productive forces. The defining feature of new quality productive forces is innovation. Currently, advancing the development of new quality productive forces through Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law can fully safeguard the innovative vitality of new quality productive forces and promote their stable, healthy, and high-quality development. In fact, new quality productive forces and Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law are closely interconnected. To this end, this paper adopts a research methodology that combines theory and practice, delving into the intrinsic relationship between the two from three dimensions.From a jurisprudential dimension, the theory on the relationship between law and productive forces reveals a benign interactive relationship between the two. That is, new quality productive forces can enrich and improve the content and form of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law, while Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law can provide effective legal safeguards for the healthy development of new quality productive forces. From a constitutive dimension, Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law and new quality productive forces share a symbiotic relationship of elements in terms of their composition. Specifically, the rule of law element and the new-type laborers element form a symbiotic relationship; the modernization element and the means of labor as well as objects of labor form a two-way enabling relationship; and the Chinese-style element forms a value symbiosis relationship with the three elements of new quality productive forces. From an objective dimension, the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation defines a relationship of striving in the same direction between the two. Simultaneously, both contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the form of a joint force.Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law is of great significance for advancing new quality productive forces, primarily including: helping to optimize the market and administrative environments required for new quality productive forces, facilitating the safe, standardized, and orderly development of new quality productive forces, and enhancing the level of human rights protection necessary for new quality productive forces. Advancing new quality productive forces through Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law must firmly grasp the following practical requirements: First, optimize the collaboration of elements in new quality productive forces through the practice of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law, including: promoting cutting-edge legislative practices to build a normative system governing the collaboration of elements in new quality productive forces, and advancing innovative law enforcement and judicial practices to improve and optimize the safeguard system for the collaboration of elements in new quality productive forces. Second, guide the governance embedding of new quality productive forces with the theory of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law, that is, using the objectives, values, and methodologies of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law to guide the governance embedding of new quality productive forces. Third, nurture the sustainable development of new quality productive forces with the resources of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law, namely, strengthening the talent resources and cultural resources of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law to meet the development needs of new quality productive forces, thereby promoting the sustainable development of new quality productive forces.

Abstract:The Administrative Review Law in 2023 establishes administrative review as the main channel for resolving administrative disputes. By expanding prior administrative review case types and reforming the review system, the new law ensures effective front-end acceptance of numerous administrative disputes. However, its improvements to administrative review decisions are merely declaratory adjustments. In practice, prominent issues, including the overgeneralization of the application of affirmative decisions, the structural imbalance in the application of negative decisions, the institutional suspension of consensual decisions, and the symbolic exercise of authority in public-interest decisions, together lead to the contradiction of front-end expansion and back-end obstruction in administrative review, giving rise to a summary procedure oriented towards procedural closure. To break the dilemma, it is necessary to promote the leap of administrative review decisions from formal main channel to substantive main channel: in terms of goals, to upgrade from dispute acceptance to dispute termination, build an active review mechanism, strengthen the function of final resolution, and expand the governance extension channel; in terms of functions, to break the dilemma of the separation of supervision, relief, and dispute resolution, based on the efficiency advantage of hierarchical supervision, with the substantive justice of rights and interests protection as the foundation, and the governance effectiveness of dispute resolution as the key, to achieve functional integration and collaborative empowerment; in terms of methods, to innovate the traditional case correction model, achieve precise case-by-case rights relief through precise matching of decision types, and activate public interest decisions to promote case-by-case governance, case-by-case standardization, and system optimization. In terms of implementation paths, it is necessary to systematically improve the application rules: first, to standardize the application of affirmative decisions, including cutting the application scenarios of maintenance and dismissal decisions, clarifying the boundaries of substantive and procedural dismissal decisions, and strengthening the rigidity constraints of maintenance + correction decisions; second, to clarify the application of negative decisions, including building a system guarantee for the priority application of amendment decisions, strengthening the rigidity of performance decisions, and establishing a dual review standard for invalid decisions; third, to effectively activate the application of consensual decisions, including clarifying the priority application scope of consensual decisions, building a three-dimensional regulatory framework for risk control, and clarifying the logical reconstruction path of procedural coordination; fourth, to strengthen the application effect of public interest decisions, including building a rigid and flexible collaborative mechanism for normative document review and reconstructing the effectiveness of the opinion letter system. Through the systematic improvement of administrative review decisions, the substantive main channel function of case closure, matter settlement, and political harmony in administrative review can be realized, providing institutional support for the construction of a rule-of-law government.

Abstract:With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology, while it creates brand-new content, it also gives rise to complex false information risks due to defects in its training mechanism, posing multiple challenges to the criminal law imputation of crimes involving false information. Constructing a scientific and reasonable imputation system has become an urgent issue to be addressed. The emergence of false information risks in generative AI stems from hidden dangers in four core links of the training process: data preparation, human intervention, self-optimization, and human feedback. In the data preparation phase, the sources of training data are complex, mixed with true and false information, and there even exists a vicious cycle where false information generated by AI flows back into the training database. In the human intervention phase, the subjective biases of annotators affect the quality of model output. In the self-optimization phase, technical limitations make AI prone to generating incorrect content, and the algorithm black box leads to blind trust from users. In the human feedback phase, the two-way interaction between users and AI may mislead each other. Particularly in key fields such as healthcare and finance, the spread of false information can threaten important legal interest. These technical causes result in false information risks exhibiting normative characteristics such as inevitability and continuity, non-uniqueness and intelligence of subjects, uncertainty and diffusibility of harmful consequences, and non-investigability and deficiency of fault elements. Consequently, the criminal law imputation for crimes involving false information in generative AI faces five major difficulties. Firstly, the difficulty of value conflicts, involving conflicts between side effects of technological innovation or avoidable risks, freedom of speech or illegal dissemination, and the application of the principle of technological neutrality. Secondly, the difficulty of identifying responsible subjects, as the division of responsibilities among technology designers, service providers, users, and regulatory authorities is vague, and existing regulations focus more on the responsibilities of service providers. Thirdly, the difficulty of establishing causal relationships. In cases of negligent and non-fault crimes, some subjects have weak control over harmful consequences, and users’ reasonable trust in AI may break the causal chain. Fourthly, the difficulty of applying charges. The crime of fabricating or intentionally spreading false information has limitations in terms of the object, type of conduct, and protected legal interests, making it inadequate to regulate such crimes with a single charge. Fifthly, the difficulty of selecting means, which requires balancing the relationship between preventive protection and the principle of modesty in criminal law, and coordinating the connection of civil, administrative, and criminal liabilities. To solve the above difficulties, an imputation plan should be constructed that takes the theory of duty of care as the framework and connects multiple types of liabilities and takes AI users as the core and reasonably distributes the responsibilities of other subjects. The theory of duty of care can clarify the responsibility boundaries of each subject; priority should be given to preventing and controlling risks through civil law and administrative law, and criminal law should only serve as the last line of defense. In terms of responsibility distribution, users bear a higher duty of care; those who illegally manipulate AI, violate review obligations, and fail to take identification measures may bear criminal liability for endangering data security, spreading false information, and causing harm to specific legal interest. Technology designers mainly fulfill obligations such as data cleaning and model optimization; those who intentionally contaminate training data may bear criminal liability for endangering data security and causing harm to related legal interest. Service providers who fail to fulfill obligations such as risk prompts and hierarchical intervention and refuse to make corrections may bear criminal liability for the crime of refusing to perform information network security management obligations. Regulatory authorities focus their responsibilities on the procedural level and do not involve the review of the authenticity of information content; their supervisory negligence liability should be determined with prudence.

Abstract:With the international development of digital technologies such as cloud computing and big data, the volume of cross-border personal data transmission in scenarios like cross-border e-commerce and social media has grown rapidly. However, at the same time, issues of infringement such as cross-border illegal collection, storage and abuse of personal data have become increasingly prominent, and cross-border relief of personal data rights has become an urgent matter. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of digital technology and trade, cross-border relief for users whose data rights have been infringed upon is an important approach and fundamental guarantee for safeguarding national data sovereignty, maintaining national data security order, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. It holds significant strategic importance. From an international comparative perspective, the European Union has established a three-in-one governance model of complaint and rights protection-judicial relief - administrative punishment, forming a standardized and strict cross-border protection and governance system for personal data. The institutional innovation of the European Union lies in transforming the high-standard data rights established by the General Data Protection Regulation into operational relief procedures. By setting up an independent data protection bureau and cross-border dispute resolution mechanisms, it ensures that the relief of data rights for EU users is not hindered by jurisdictional boundaries. The United States has improved its cross-border management system for personal data rights through various means such as appointing data protection officers, special defenders, and establishing data review courts. It has also provided efficient relief and legal protection for citizens’ personal data rights by building a cross-border judicial collaboration relief mechanism. In contrast, there is still room for improvement and perfection in China’s awareness of cross-border rights protection among internet users, the construction of relief systems and cross-border collaborative management, as well as the development of relevant institutional platforms. For China, the full-process protection of cross-border personal data transmission and the governance of infringement issues need to be combined with the current implementation status of data entry and exit management regulations and the characteristics of the cross-border personal data transmission environment to promote the construction of a cross-border relief system for personal data rights with Chinese characteristics. At the level of awareness enhancement, it is necessary to strengthen the cross-border protection awareness of personal data rights of internet users through the digital literacy improvement project and improve their own data transmission security protection capabilities. At the level of institutional improvement, it is necessary to accelerate the alignment with international data transmission agreements and establish a three-dimensional cross-border data collaborative management framework that includes judicial mutual assistance, joint law enforcement, and technical certification. At the institutional setup level, the experience of the EU Data Protection Commission can be drawn upon to establish a dedicated cross-border data protection agency, integrate existing regulatory resources, and set up a professional institution for handling cross-border data rights disputes. By establishing a full-cycle management system covering pre-event prevention, in-event response and post-event relief, efforts will be made to enhance China’s rule-making capacity and the level of personal data rights protection in the global data governance system.

Abstract:In litigation, the court and the parties share roles in the process of discovering case facts. The parties bear the primary responsibility or the first responsibility for discovering case facts, while the court assumes an auxiliary responsibility under specific circumstances. Evidence is a necessary means for the discovery of case facts, therefore, effective means for obtaining evidence must be provided to the parties in terms of institutional safeguards; when the parties are unable to obtain relevant evidence due to reasons not attributable to themselves, the court should provide necessary assistance to ascertain the facts of the case. When evidence falls within the scope that should be collected by the parties themselves, but is unobtainable because it is held by the opposing party or a third party outside the case, institutional arrangements should be designed to ensure that the party bearing the burden of proof can obtain such evidence. The document submission order system is designed to address this issue. As a means of expanding the parties’ ability to collect evidence, the document submission order imposes an obligation on the opposing party holding the document and a third party outside the case to submit the document. The legal basis for the obligation to submit documents is the parties’ liability for litigation cooperation and the public law obligation of third parties outside the case to assist the court in ascertaining the truth of the case. The construction of the document submission order system should take into account the protection of multiple interests and should not be set as a generalized obligation. The party bearing the burden of proof has the obligation to collect and provide evidence to prove the facts of the case. If the obligation to submit documents is generalized, it may lead to excessively aggravating the procedural obligations of the party who does not bear the burden of proof, making the imputation function of the burden of proof system ineffective, resulting in procedural injustice and a lack of a justifiable basis for judgments. Therefore, the obligation to submit documents is based on the substantive law right to information disclosure and supplemented by special provisions for discovering the true facts of the case. While strengthening the obligation of document holders to present documents, it is necessary to take into account the balance between the protection of their interests, therefore, it is essential to establish a system that exempts the obligation to submit documents under specific circumstances. Different legal consequences shall be stipulated for the different circumstances in which the party holding the document violates the order to submit documents and a third party outside the case holding the document violates the order to submit documents. When a party violates the obligation to submit documents, the regulatory effect is to presume the truth of the contents recorded in the document. Even if the party holding the document engages in conduct that obstructs evidence, it is not appropriate to presume the regulatory consequence that the facts to be proven by using the document as evidence are true, as this outcome deprives the judge of the power to evaluate the evidence. When a third party outside the case fails to comply with the order to submit a document made by the court, there is no room for application of the legal consequences that the content recorded in the document is presumed to be true. And as the system safeguard, the order for submission of documents made by the court should be used as the basis for enforcement, compelling the third party to deliver the documents.

Abstract:The murder case of middle school students in Handan has sparked public discussion, with calls for severe punishment of the perpetrators. The case also raises public doubts about the legislation on the protection of minors, especially why the relatively complete system of legislation on the protection of minors has not been able to protect bullied juveniles from further harm. In the current legislation, the Law on the Protection of Minors mainly undertakes the function of protecting disadvantaged children and minors, and even general minors. It follows the principle of the best interests of the child and has formed a six-protection system: family protection, school protection, social protection, network protection, government protection, and judicial protection. However, in practice, the effectiveness of victim assistance in situations such as campus bullying is still unsatisfactory. Although the number of extreme cases ultimately leading to criminal trials has significantly decreased, the number of juveniles bullied is still increasing. This indicates that the effectiveness of the law in protecting vulnerable minors and disadvantaged children is not ideal. In theory, there is a growing advocacy for the law to move toward inclusive legislation, with calls to expand the legislative protection scope from disadvantaged children to all minors, which clearly does not match the difficulties encountered in practice. In view of this, it is necessary to re-understand the purpose and function of the law. In terms of system positioning, the Law on the Protection of Minors is the only specialized legislation to protect disadvantaged children and minors. Therefore, its protection for minors should take precedence over inclusiveness. The shift towards an inclusive law will weaken the overall rigidity of the provisions, resulting in a significant institutional gap in legislation on the protection of minors. The Law on the Protection of Minors should focus on protecting disadvantaged minors. In terms of specific rule optimization, to reduce legislative costs, it is necessary to focus on improving the protection measures of the law for disadvantaged minors, while following the existing system. This includes expanding the scope of protected minors, increasing government protection measures, and enhancing the practicality of the law. By adding triggering clauses and other means, the legal liability chapter, as well as relevant procedural mechanisms and the connection mechanism with other laws should be improved. In the long run, the Law on the Protection of Minors should not assume the construction function of a universal child welfare system. It should be divided into the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Welfare of Children. The former focuses on the protection of the right to protection for minors, while the latter focuses on the protection of the right to development and participation. This not only avoids the Law on the Protection of Minors becoming a toothless law, but also ensures the construction of a universal child welfare system.

Abstract:As an emerging technology in the development of artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence revolution has driven a comprehensive societal transformation. Applications of generative artificial intelligence such as DeepSeek, Manus, ChatGPT, and Sora have permeated economic, political, cultural, and social domains, deeply integrating into diverse scenarios of digital life while subtly reshaping the public’s daily applications. However, there remains limited conscious awareness of its ideological implications. As a technological innovation, the inherent ideological risks in generative artificial intelligence applications constitute an unavoidable reality and have become a crucial factor affecting overall national security.Building upon this logical framework and reflections on generative artificial intelligence models, this study first endeavors to clarify the ideological security boundaries of generative artificial intelligence applications across political, economic, cultural, and social dimensions, delineating red lines and bottom lines for ideological safety. Subsequently, based on the practical development of generative artificial intelligence, it identifies key monitoring points for ideological security risks, directly addressing threats arising from information distortion, value conflicts, social fragmentation, and daily life alienation. This analysis provides a solid foundation for enhanced supervision, management, and service of generative artificial intelligence to reinforce ideological security defenses during its application processes.Considering both security boundaries and risk monitoring points, the study proposes four-dimensional solutions to mitigate ideological security risks: 1)At the educational level, returning to the essential understanding of technology empowering better lives; 2)At the technological level, advancing technical refinement to strengthen social security safeguards; 3)At the regulatory level, balancing governance and services to promote healthy industry development; 4)At the societal level, establishing multi-stakeholder governance to steer technology toward ethical applications.Ultimately, the research reaffirms the fundamental consensus that generative AI represents a technological innovation. It aims to facilitate AI’s enhanced empowerment of new quality productive forces, contribute to realizing people’s aspirations for better lives, and ultimately transform this technology into a new positive increment for maintaining ideological security within the framework of overall national security.

Abstract:With systematic innovations in research paradigms, algorithmic frameworks, and engineering technologies, DeepSeek has pioneered a novel pathway for developing cost-effective, high-efficiency, and open-source large-scale reasoning models. This breakthrough not only drives transformative changes in the generative AI industrial landscape but also accelerates the restructuring of global AI governance frameworks.However, the rapid iteration cycles, broad application scope, and globally distributed development of DeepSeek-like AI present both significant opportunities and challenges for mainstream ideological security. Its technical mechanisms align closely with ideological dissemination patterns, enabling subtle influences on human cognition and behavior through three key dimensions: embedding value presuppositions within mainstream ideologies, reshaping ideological production methodologies, and redefining ideological education paradigms. These characteristics highlight its immense potential to reinforce ideological security.Nevertheless, limitations in technical governance and ecosystem development during its nascent stage pose multifaceted risks. Data biases and content hallucinations may disrupt ideological communication and weaken discursive authority. Additionally, its unique functionalities provide new avenues for value infiltration and ideological competition, potentially intensifying intelligent ideological confrontations. The lag in domestic and international regulatory frameworks further complicates governance, posing challenges to the stability of ideological security. To harness the empowering opportunities offered by DeepSeek-like generative AI while mitigating its potential ideological risks, it is essential to clarify value orientations and improve institutional safeguards, strengthen technical regulation to prevent value deviation, promote human-machine collaboration to enhance governance efficacy, and share the benefits of intelligent dividends to reshape international consensus.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the integration of the intelligent revolution and digital cultural narrative through DeepSeek, and Nezha 2. These cases demonstrate multidimensional resonance in challenging Western technological hegemony via low computation, high efficiency development paths and transforming discourse power from being interpreted to self-definition. DeepSeek’s mixture-of-experts model and AI agent architecture form a symbiotic relationship, enabling a transformation from human-centered linear creation to human-machine collaborative dynamic generation. Nezha 2 successfully adapts traditional mythology with modern technology, transforming static cultural symbols into contemporary imagery.This technology-culture integration reshapes social practices across multiple dimensions: generating new digital production ecosystems, restructuring symbolic capital distribution, and changing cognitive construction paradigms. The resulting systematic digital production relations follow the logic of technological equality and diverse cultural expression.The emerging technological-cultural symbiosis and digital community represents a new social organizational form demonstrating telling China’s story well through intelligent revolution practice. This model transcends Western-centric technological determinism, providing an inclusive digital paradigm for global civilization exchange and highlighting digital governance wisdom in building a shared future for mankind.