Abstract:The electric-arc technique used to generate single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is introduced. Especially, the superconductivity of SWCNTS is concerned. The samples of single-walled carbon nanotubes are suspended between two superconducting electrodes and their super-currents may be observed under special conditions. It is called 'proximity-induced method'. With the method, some experiments show that SWCNTs have higher critic super-currents, and the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the critic currents exhibits unusual features.

Abstract:Usually Ni_clusters are served as catalyst in the formed processo f the single_wall carbon nanotubes by CVD. Because the different surfaces of Ni_clusters have different activity,carbon atoms adsorbed in Ni_clusters (liquid states)will be diffused from low_activity surfaces of Ni_cluster to high_activity ones and be deposited. As a result,the caves of carbon atoms surrounding the Ni_clusters are formed and the single_wall carbon nanotubes are produced. In addition,Ni_atoms served as substitutional atoms always located in the furthest outside of the network of single_wall carbon nanotubes are produced. In addition, Ni_atoms served as substitutional atoms always located in the furthest outside of the network of single_wall carbon nanotubes,and play a role of stabilization in growth of nanotubes,and promot their growth. Therefore,the catalytic mechanism of Ni_clusters as catalyst is introduced,and different morphologies of single_wall carbon nanotubes are also exlained.

Abstract:On the research of alternative refrigerants, because of their advantageous thermal characters and unparalleled prepondrance of environmental protection, kinds of HCs substance have taken more and more scholars attention. At the base of full demonstration, the HCs is applied on large-scale screw-refrigerator for the first time. The result indicate that, although the autlwrs do not make any better about the system, the energy-efficiency-ratio(EER) of R290 system is equally matched R22 system. So R290 can alternate R22 in the refrigerant system and can works well. If some improvements are maken on the system against the flammability of HCs, then the large-scale refrigerant system with HCs as the refrigerant could march to the markets, and make immense social and economic benefits.

Abstract:On the basis of analyzing the complicate heat and humid exchange between the outdoor air and the water layer of the roof,the authors obtained a heat transfer model and it's transmit matrix. The temperature and heat flux responses of the internal roof surface is greatly lowered than that of non-water layer roof. It can be concluded that the maintenance of a water layer on the roof is a good way to resist the fluctuation of outdoor temperature and significantly reduce the cooling load of a building.

Abstract:In the domain of HV&AC, there are many problems about pipe network for fluid supply. In order to make analysis on optimized design and project of regulation in operation, some quantitative analysis on hydraulic performances of pipe network should be done. With graph theory and fundamental theory of pipe network for fluid supply. Based on the analysis method of basic loop of pipe network, a convenient, reliable description technique is introduced which could translate pipe system into network graph, and obtains some methods which could get some basic matrix that is needed in pipe network analysis from the graph of pipe network. This article also analyses MATLAB's function, high efficiency in soluting the problems of pipe network analysis and develops relevant program.

Abstract:How to optimize ice storage fraction and determine ice making mode a common method of selecting capacity of chillers now. In view of this situation, a new kind of method on determining of ice making mode of chiller is introduced according to types of chiller and ice storage. Formula of capacity of chiller are given under the full storage, partial storage and chiller priority control, partial storage and ice priority control. The important conclusion that ice storage fraction is independent on capacity of chiller under specified control is obtained. It is very important to determine properly capacit of chiller and ice making mode in order to design reasonably ice storage system. An engineering example is discussed in detail.

Abstract:The density of indoor CO 2 is an important value for newly_built commercial buildings. It affects comercial buildings in two aspects, one is the indoor air_quality, the other is the consumption of energy. The aim of design is to keep good indoor air_quality and using little ventilation. The authors measure a typical department store and analyze the measurement. The conclusion as well as the opinion is given, which argues for improving the efficiency of new_wind.

Abstract:The load of air condition system is influenced by many factors, and they are variable and nonlinear, The relation between them is dynamic,It is impossible to forecaste the load of air condition syestem accurately by traditional method. But Recurrent Neural Network is able to reflect the dynamic lively and directly. Elman is one of the typical RNN. Based on the analysis as above, prediction model of air-condition system based on Elman neural network is established, and some prediction is done. The prediction accuracy of Elman neural network and BP neural network is compared, and the experiments show that the Elman neural network is efficiency and accuracy , so Elman neural network is a new and reliable method for predicting the load of air-condition system.

Abstract:The human thermal comfort is influenced by many factors, and it is fuzzy, so it is a kind of stochastic fuzzy variable. So the evaluation of human thermal comfort is fuzzy also. and the method assessing the human thermal comfort with fuzzy mathematics is reliable. The factor affecting the human thermal comfort is analysed and predigested. Based on the analysis above,the methodology of assessing the thermal comfort is presented. The methodology resolves the decision_making continuum, so it lightens uncertainty of traditional method. The simulation results are compared with the Predicted Mean Vote index, and they are in good agreement. The study shows that the methodology of assessing the thermal comfort is reliable,and it presents a new approach for studying the human thermal.

Abstract:The problems are discussed in positive pressure mechanical air supply system design, when the actual status is far different from what figures in the code based. Expressions must be used to determine the supply air rate. The rate between length and width of rectangle air channel should be less than 6. To avoid some uncertain factor, correction factor for absolute coarseness should choose the bigger figure. The smoke control and extraction design of smoke controlling stair hall must be divide into two parts: The overground and the underground. When setting positive pressure mechanical air supply system in smoke controlling stair hall, the outer window in the hall must be fixed. To insure the inner surface of smoke controlling stair hall keep compact and lubricity, communion should be done with governor of builders.

Abstract:对碳纳米管掺杂特性的了解是控制其价电子的关键。研究发现：单壁碳纳米管进行K掺杂后，其电阻率和转折温度T^*（高于此温度后，dρ/dT的符号由负变为正）都会变小；其电阻会随着掺杂浓度的升高而单调下降，直至饱和。文章还对半导体和金属单壁碳纳米管的K掺杂行为通过光吸收谱进行了研究，另外把分子动力学用于了预测K掺杂单壁碳纳米管的结构。

Abstract:利用经学气相沉积法在钨衬底上生长碳电极，用扫描电镜对其表面形貌进行观测，发现表面碳微粒形状规则，微粒尺寸约为2－3μm，但是排列无序，用此电极作为研究电极，在0.1M KCl溶液中做循环伏安法扫描，结果表明，该电极电位窗口高达2.45V，其中窗口正电位达2.2V，它与传统的碳电极（石墨，玻璃碳）和衬底钨电极都有很大的不同。实验还发现该电极具有很好的电化学稳定性和可重复性，在电化学测量时无需预处理等优点。因此，它可作为一种新型优质的分析电极。

Abstract:以R·L·Webb提出的汽车散热器的换热与流动阻力的理论分析为基础 ,编制了管带式汽车散热器的传热与流动阻力计算程序 ,计算结果与实验数据在常规工况范围内基本吻合。运用所编程序分析了散热器结构参数与材质对散热器流动阻力与散热性能的影响。结果表明 :散热带波距是影响散热器性能的主要参数 ,散热量随散热带波距的减小而增加 ,而百叶窗开窗角度在 2 5°～ 35°、散热带厚度在0 0 4 5～ 0 .0 6 0mm范围内变化对散热器散热量的影响较小。散热带材质由T 70铜改为纯铜时 ,散热量增加 4 0 %。最后提出了提高SC70 80型汽车散热器散热量的方案

Abstract:For the benefit of environment protection and sustainable economic development especially in western china, to build more hydroelectric power stations is a basic policy of our government. Xiluodu project is the biggest underground hydroelectric power station. which includes 18 power generation units with a capacity more than 12 600 MW. By establish a set of heat and humidity balance equations applying on the Xiluodu project underground workshop with its boundary conditions, this paper has present an one_dimensional heat conduction model to simulate its dynamical heat transfer process. On the purpose of compare deferent design schemes of HVAC system, a package of software for numerical simulation is developed. In this paper,we have also recommend some criteria for the evaluation of HVAC system design schemes. The computation result has show that if utilizing the reservoir water and AC chiller to process the air,combing other anti_humidification technical measures,it will assure the anticipated air quality of underground facilities.

Abstract:To explore a safety method of freezing storage of human dermal papilla cells not influencing its biological activity. The enormous dermal papillae isolated newly were freezed with cryoprotective agent including dimathyl sulfoxide and storaged in liquid nitrogen after sinking gradually. At the 1 month, 2 month and 6 month after submersing in liquid nitrogen, the freezing dermal papillaes got revivfication after thawing, inoculated and raised in Dulbecco's Modified eagle's medium. The rate of dermal papillaes attaching to the wall and the cell growth behaviour were observed. Similar to that of islated newly, the rates of dermal papillaes attaching to the wall at 2 days after culture were 90 percents to 95 percents after freezing for 1 month, 2 months and 6 months. The dermal papillae also can culture for dermal papilla cell which exhibites a polygonal cellular morphology and a tendency to form pre-confluent multi-layered cluster after restored in liquid nitrogen. It was approximately 15 days to approach cell fusion in culture bottle. Conclusion It is suggested that freezing storage of human dermal papillaes has no side-effect in their biological characteristics and is worth application in the series experiment of DPC .

Abstract:通过高速摄像可视化观察并结合基础传热数据采集 ,给出了模化工质在中压条件下 ,竖直矩形窄缝流道内过冷流动沸腾起始点的实验结果。讨论了影响矩形窄缝流道内过冷流动沸腾起始点的各因素 ,在Bowering关系式的基础上 ,考虑质量流速和压力对过冷流动沸腾起始点的影响 ,使用多元线性回归的方法 ,得到了关于矩形窄缝流道过冷流动沸腾起始点的修正关系式 ,与实验数据进行比较 ,误差范围为± 30 %。

Abstract:CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin film is a new type of high efficiency and low-cost solar cells, which is most promising for application in refrigeration, because it has many advantages such as few crystalline defects, large gap of energy, high stability, inexpensive and convenient for large area deposition. On the other hand, it is useful for environmental protection. The properties of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cell are revieweol and the development of the cell is presented. We have also described some large-area processing with low fabrication cost.

Abstract:Some small particles can be produced from TiO 2 by using photocatalytic reaction. These small particles have high oxidation ability and can be usedi n refrigeration equipments in order to sterilize and kill bacterium. The principle of TiO 2 photocatalysis and the actions of sterilizing and killing bcterium were introduced. It is explained that different structures of TiO 2 have different photocatalytic performances and clarify the ways of combining large band gap semiconductor with small band gap semiconductor and doping impurity to enhance TiO 2 photocatalytic efficiency. Some problems of TiO 2 photocatalysis and application prospects were put forward.

Abstract:为了探索真空冷冻干燥技术用于小麦种子干燥处理的可能性，采用真空冷冻干燥、真空干燥和热风干燥3种方式对小麦种子进行干燥处理，在不同环境温度和压力下，研究种子中温度－时间分布曲线，并通过分析复水率、出芽率和幼苗生长情况进一步研究了这3种干燥方法对小麦种子生物活性的影响，研究结果表明，采用热风干燥时必须对干燥温度和干燥时间严格控制，否刚容易造成种子的死亡；真空干燥的方法易削弱小麦种子的生物活性，不宜用于种子的干燥处理；而经过真空冷冻干燥的种子的生物活性没有受到影响，真空冷冻干燥条件下小麦种子的平均存活率高于其它两种方式，可以应用于小麦种子的干燥。小麦在真空冷冻干燥下，水分冰晶升华温度与干燥室压力密切相关，在干燥室绝对压力为200－400Pa时，小麦中冰晶升华温度为18－20℃。

Abstract:This paper adopts harmonic reaction method to calculate the cooling load of the air conditioning system of the NO.1011A loaded miniature cars in Chongqing Chang'an Automobile Company .The study indicates that harmonic reaction method is more exact than traditional steady method to show the dynamic characteristic of cooling load. The maximum cooling load appears on 2:00 pm, it's 3 098 W. Among the whole cooling load,heat load through windows and heat load through components are the biggest,they occupy 50% of the whole amount. Heat load of air leaks occupies 27.3%,which shows that it is necessary to improve the seal of cars. Chongqing Chang'an Automobile Company develops optimize design for the air condition system with this result, which reaches a perfect climate effect.

Abstract:This paper puts forward a new way in air_conditioning,which combines the fresh_air supply unit and such floor radiation system for the dehumidication and cooling in summer or heating in winter. By analyzing its advantages and limitations, it is found that this so called Cooling/Heating Floor AC System can improve the IAQ of residential building while keep high efficiency quality. It is also recommended that an methodology for the HVAC system designing,which will ensure the reduction of energy cost of users.

Abstract:Both total irradiation and diffuse irradiation are necessary to building energy consumption analysis. At the most cases in China,only total irradiation is available. So some method is needed to estimate diffuse irradiation. Relationship between daily diffuse irradiation and daily total irradiation is analyzed, based on data form Beijing and Chengdu.Polynomial models for Beijing and Chengdu are established to estimate K d form K t . Validation tests show good performance of the models. Monthly means of predicted daily diffuse irradiation is not significantly different from that of the original daily diffuse irradiation. Also,the auto_correlation function of the predicted diffuse fraction, K d is coincident with that of the original K d . Beijing model can accurately predict the data of Chengdu,which is significantly different from Beijing as to the climate,so it is recommended as the general model.

Abstract:It is proved that planting is effective to improve environment both indoor and outdoor resulted from the functions of plants to clean air and save energy. So the contradiction between saving energy and comfort,healthy demanded by people can be solved by planting. The planting have being emphasized and expanded during recent years,but in the planting plan,just the function of beautifying the environment is concerned and the function of ecological and saving energy are neglected. The analysis on the ooptimum system of planting is to make the planting system as an organic composition in the effectiveness structure and space layout of the city. Based on the study on equivalent relation of different effects on environment, the optimum system of planting structure will be determined in order to achieve the integrated effects of planting on environment.

Abstract:For the most common fresh air handling way supplying fresh air directly into the rooms after it has been handled in fan coil with outdoor air systems, the paper gives the design method of i d pattern in winter air conditioning operating mode, which determines the state of supply air of fan coil units and the final parameter of winter fresh air througn the ratio of fresh air. For selecting the final parameter of fresh air after it has been handled,the authors gives three conditions:Winter fresh air is handled to room enthalpy;Winter fresh air is handled between room enthalpy line and room temperature line; Winter fresh air is handled to room temperature or a little lower than room temperature. The comparing result show that the second method is desirable after comparison.

Abstract:Building energy analysis needs representative yearly meteorological data,the data could be selected from the past years' data according to specific regulation,it can also be produced from the meteorological math model which was built with the past data. A comparison is made between F testing method and AIC criterion method, which leads a result that the F testing method is reasonable. Mixed regression model of thirteen dimensions is established using F testing stepwise method. Test is conducted on independence and distribution of model residuals, and the result shows that the model is successful and more information can be provided for establishing model with dimension number increased. Using the above established model future meteorological data of building energy analysis can be predicted.

Abstract:On the basis of revealing the relation of the unity of opposites,the fundamentals,assignments and methods of environment control in the building were expounded,all development courses of the science and technology of HVAC as a core of the environment control were looked back on,the development backgrounds and trends of modern HVAC with good prospects were mainly analyzed.

Abstract:The model experiment of stratificated air conditioning in the powerhowse of Three Gorges Hydropower Station is briefly precented. On the basis of ensuring the effect of air conditioning, the influences of two types of outlet, three modes of air supply under the same outlet type on air distribution performance in occupied area was emphatically analyzed arrowd the measured data of occupied area's temperature and velocity in winter condition,and the best outtet type and air supply mode is obtained. By changing air supply temperature,its influence on the occupiod area's temperature is also analyzed,thus,some wecessary techincal data for follow enperiments and some condusions for reference have been draw.

Abstract:The building energy consumption is one of the major problems concerned by all the countries in the world. In the integral building systems,the consumption of the HVAV systems is more than 35 percent of the total building consumption. So it is important to study the strategies of energy_saving for air_conditioning systems. This paper explains some efficient and energy_saving HVAC systems, such as ice_storage air_conditioning system and underfloor air_conditioning system,and presents the strategies to accomplish the energy_saving purpose by using materials of energy_saving for enclosure structure and proper control systems. Some problems on the conservation of design and the difficulties in practical operation of energy_saving air_conditioning systems in exiting are discussed.

Abstract:Solar energy sourcei s regenerative source,reasonable use of it is an effective way to solve the problem of exiguousness of the traditional energy. But the usage of the solar energy is limited. To achieve the satisfactory effect, we must use a reasonable system style combined with the traditional energy. Through the application of swimming pool heating with solar energy. It is pointed out that more attention should be puid to reason dispose the collectors,store up heating tank,assistant thermal resource and dependable auto control. Solar energy can take place of the traditional energy, it is obviously that the solar energy can save the money and the energy and protect the environment.

Abstract:The authors intraluce exhibition centre air conditioning system survey of shenzhen high_new technique science_technology achievement trade fair and application standards performans of inverter controlled centrifugal water chiller, and analyse energy saving principle of inverter controlled water chiller. The authors also discusses inverter governor basic structure consist of rectification mould plate, IGBT mould plate, Vexamine devices, drives mould plate, CPU minute handle implement et al,and controlled principle, controlled process, controlled paris, VSD work principles figure.The performances of VSD centrifugal water chiller especially on energy saving and part load are studied,and the conclusion is given that this VSD centrifugal water chiller can save energy at 33% while theload is 80%, and that the other performances are superior to the normal centrifugal water chiller.

Abstract:Atria and other large volume space do not have the compartmentation that has traditionally been a major contributor of fire protection.The effectiveness of sprinklers in these large volume spaces is limited. For these reasons, smoke management systems for large volume spaces is of particular importance. Their primary goal is to maintain an enviroment in which the impact of smoke and heat on occupants is not life threatening. This involves keeping the height of the smoke layer above the highest level of occupancy for a defined period of time, longer than the expected time to evacuate the building. Three approaches to these systems are smoke filling , gravity smoke venting ,and smoke exhaust .This paper describes the design approaches to smoke management to achieve fire safety in atrium.

Abstract:A large number of high-rise mansion have been built recently in our country , the energy conservation will be more outstanding ,but the Intelligent building will be the trend of the architecture,It is a task to research how to take advantage of the superiority of Intelligent building. The paper do simple discuss on the design and management of the air condition and ventilating system in the Intelligent building.

Abstract:MARKAL is a generic model tailored by the input data to represent the evolution over a period of usually 40 to 50 years of a specific energy system at the national, regional, state or province, or community level. The database specifies the energy demands -industrial, commercial, residential, and transportation that need to be satisfied over the next several decades. It describes the available sources of supply of energy, either domestic resources or imports of oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, and renewable. A menu of technologies is provided for extracting, transporting, converting, and using energy, both existing technologies and those expected to be available within the time horizon of the model. The essential characteristics of the technologies are specified, such as their investment cost, operating and maintenance costs, service life, fuel use, efficiency, availability, output, and maximum expected market penetration. As a linear program, the model then chooses the best combination of these technologies to satisfy the projected energy demands. The basic components in a MARKAL model are specific types of energy or emission control technology. Both the supply and demand sides are integrated, so that one side responds automatically to changes in the other. The model selects that combination of technologies that minimizes total energy system cost. In the end, the article describes energy conservation for building in Chongqing.

Abstract:介绍了氧化铟锡（ITO）薄膜的光学和电学性质及应用。优化的ITO薄膜有立方铁锰矿结构。掺杂的Sn替代In2O3晶格上的In原子，每个Sn原子可以看作给导带提供一个自由电子。ITO薄膜载流子浓度为－10^20cm^-3，电阻率为－10^-4Ωcm，是高度简并半导体，其能带为抛物线型结构。由于Burstein-Moss效应，光学能隙加宽。除了紫外带间吸收和远红外的声子吸收，Brude理论与ITO的介电常数实际值符合得很好，说明自由电子对ITO薄膜的光学性质有决定性作用。由于ITO薄膜优异的光学和电学特性使它日益获得广泛应用。

Abstract:It is two main factors that the refrigerant leakes and preheated in compress process for the discharging of the screw refrigeration compressor. The size of them directly is related to the form of the screw and the precision of the screw processed, and the screw cooled etc. Each compressor factory is different from others for designing and processing the screw. In the engineering design, it is difficult to calculate volumetric flow rate of the screw refrigeration compressor. The main factor of the volumetric flow rate is analyzed for the screw refrigeration compressor. A method of calculating the volumetric flow rate is inferred and checked. It can be for the use of engineering design

Abstract:The idea of the sustainable development is proposed by analyzing the present Chongqing energy industry. Enumerated some energy technologyies and energy forms, which not only save energy but also reduce enviromental pollution. Some suggestion on the development of Chongqing energy industry is given. The main content is the following:Electricity should be developed first when developing energy industry. The government should exploit and apply the technology of the clean coal, develop equipments generating electricity with gasvapor cycle, and improve actively advanced technology of thermal power joint production and thermal power cooling joint supply. It is also necessary to make full use of natural gas in favour of developing sustainable energy industry and take advantage of three gorges area. Some useful suggestions are given at last.

Abstract:The authors considered low COP, great using of electricity, difficulty of thaw in winter, waving greatness of indoor temperature, no really energy adjustment. It is also considered that single phase unit don't content user because it's small supply and increase the load of city electricity network etc in air-source-heat-pump in internal centralized-air-conditioner for house.One project is given to solve these problems, using ice-storage with ground-source-heat-pump. Moreover, its structural form of double expansion valves, double evaporators and thawing-ice outside coils. The market foreground of this conditioner is analyzed from the improvement of people's standard of living, the increase of house area, the limits of sight and environment of city building, the coming policy of residents' electrovalence in valley and so on.

Abstract:With science and technology developing, the need of energy increases in our lives and industries. Normal energy is lacking in our country, and the average is half of the average of the world. The conflicting between supplying and needing is apparent. So it seems that the energy may be gone. It is necessary that development of recycling energy is considered. The new energy and recycling energy will be the main energy in the future.

Abstract:On the base of the background around world and the economics analyzed to one architecture in Chongqing, the essay compares Ice storage Air-condition (ISA) with conventional Air-condition in both beginning investment and annual-running-fee. The comparision show, that the ISA is more higher in beginning-investment, but 37% lower in annual-running-fee and regains interest after three years. It is analyzed that the development of ISA can promote the rate of electricity system, spare room and promote the quality of in-door air etc. It is available to develop the ISA in Chongqing. The policy of counting electricity-fee in different time, the economics-analysis method and the development of focusing the cold source are suggested.

Abstract:Owing to unique structure and characteristics of carbon nanotubes, much more are attracted attentions since they were discovered. In recent years, carbon nanotubes have been successfully synthesized by various methods. Especially, highly aligned carbon nanotubes were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and the oriented growth of carbon nanotubes became realized, resulting in many applications of carbon nanotubes and researches on them. In the work, the methods and mechanisms of orientation growth of carbon nanotubes were reviewed, and it was analyzed and discussed that different methods influenced on the process of growing carbon nanotubes. Simultaneously, it was emphatically analyzed that catalyst particles affected on orientation growth of carbon nanotubes during their growth.

Abstract:Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.

Abstract:This article introduces the use of low temperature in medical science. The low temperature medicine includes cryosurgery, cryopreservation, low body temperature and cryodrying. Hypothermia-agent of freezing therapy is generally used by liquid nitrogen. It is economical, convenient and easy to operate. It has been extensively applicated to clinical medicine, such as treatments of benign tumor and malignant tumor effectively. Additionally, cryopreservation of blood, sperm, tissue or organ is also operated perfectly, but it needs to be further studied and developed.

Abstract:This article introduces new progress of research on theory and application of superconductivity, especially for year 2001. In reconsidering superconductive microscopic mechanism, the evidence shows to exist for strong electron_phonon coupling in high_temperature superconductors. In exploring new superconductive materials,there mainly are MgB 2, P3HT and C60,etc.superconductive applications outlook both practical and potential seem good, expecially,such as energy resource,electric force,microwave telecommunication,computer,medical cave and various dectors,etc.

Abstract:The brief introduction to properly applying HVAC to the sustainable west development of China is made in this article. The advantage of GSHP, a branch of HAVC, is also presented briefly here. The emphasis is put on the fact that this system is a green one which sustainable and practicable characters. At the same time, the comparison between the key technique of GSHP and the geological condition that the system should adjust to is made, which reveals the key point of applying GSHP. According to environment condition, three types of areas are divided in the western regions of China. The feasibility of applying GSHP in each area is explained respectively and the related scheme of applying the system is also summed up.

Abstract:分析了^4He的相图和液体^4He的λ相变，讨论了在不同的温度和压强下相变的类型，指出了液体^4He被称为量子液体的基本原因，介绍了HeⅠ的基本特性，如粘滞系数、热导率，对声波的吸收系数，以及凝聚气体模型，阐述了HeⅡ的反常特性，其中最重要的是超流动性，另外，还介绍了与液体^4He相关的几种前沿应用，如超导电性，激光冷却原子和量子霍耳效应等。