Volume 36,Issue 12,2013 Table of Contents

1 Powertrain parameter design for the electric vehicle with taking the energy consumption of air conditioner into consideration

QIN Datong , WU Zhongbin , HUANG Jingying , CHEN Shujiang

2013, 36(12):1-8. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.001

[Abstract](1430) [HTML](355) [PDF 8.47 M](1481)

Abstract:
On the basis of considering the influence of air conditioner on vehicle performance,the parameter determination of the power train composed of a battery,a traction motor and a two-speed transmission of an electric car is carried out. To ensure the economy of operation,a shifting strategy with a principle which emphasizes the high work efficiency of the power train is drawn up and the gear ratios are corrected aiming at the least energy cost over the drive cycle. The simulation results indicate that the designed parameters meet the requirements moderately and the driving range is extended by 5.28% when the air conditioner is turned off and 4.29% when turned on,compared with the initial results through the correction of the gear ratios.

2 Simulation on human-machine cooperation strategy in production cells

CHEN Jin , ZHANG Xiaodong , ZHAO Dongfang , GUO Shuanyin

2013, 36(12):9-15. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.002

[Abstract](1390) [HTML](616) [PDF 8.27 M](1233)

Abstract:
To adapt to the rapid changes of manufacturing environment,production cell needs to focus on high qualified staff and flexible human-machine cooperation method at the same time,when advanced manufacturing technology(AMT) is emphasized on. In order to study human-machine cooperation strategy dynamically and quantitatively in production cells,a simulation study which combined computer simulation with agent modeling technology is carried out. Firstly,a human-computer cooperation simulation model is established,and its realization method is presented. Secondly,specific cooperation mechanisms of designated production cell cooperation,partly independent cooperation and completely independent cooperation are studied respectively. Finally,an engine production cell is taken as an example,a series of simulation experiments are designed,and four performance indicators of the task waiting time,order on time percentage,waiting rate of machine and operator utilization are established to analyze and evaluate all kinds of man-machine division modes of the production cell to find a more reasonable mode.

3 Improved Sage-Husa algorithm and its application in industrial online measurement

WANG Xian , TAN Jianping , CHENG Guoqiang , CHENG Xiaole

2013, 36(12):16-20. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.003

[Abstract](1816) [HTML](443) [PDF 5.96 M](1202)

Abstract:
An improved Sage-Husa adaptive filter algorithm is proposed based on the existing methodologies in light of the complex and changing environment of the industrial online measurement. This algorithm,after a new observed value is obtained,first judges whether the filter is in a normal state by the filtering divergence criterion,if not,it judges whether the new observed value is an outlier and takes countermeasures varying with the judgment so as to improve the performance of the Sage-Husa algorithm in industrial measurement. The result indicates that compared with traditional methodologies,this new algorithm is applicable to measure the location of the center point of laser beam in a simulated industrial environment,makes accurate judgment about the system status,features better precision,practicality and robustness and thus can satisfy the requirements of industrial online measurement.

4 The influence of sensitive gate structure parameters of strain gauge on measurement accuracy

HU Yumei , ZHANG Fangjian , SHAO Yimin , ZHOU Zhe , PI Yangjun

2013, 36(12):21-27. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.004

[Abstract](2323) [HTML](532) [PDF 7.41 M](2330)

Abstract:
The systematic error of resistance strain sensor is caused by strain transmission error that differs with different parameters of the sensitive gate structure in the measurement process. The paper establishes a measure model that is made up with a cantilever beam(the measured matrix),the binder and some strain wires, then studies the influence of different sensitive gate structure parameters on the measurement result using finite element method(FEM)and the effectiveness of FEM is validated by a comparison with experimental results at the end. The results of the FEM analysis show that in the matrix strain passing the gate length and the gate spacing have intermediate optimal values,and that the smaller the grid diameter is,the smaller the strain transmission error becomes. Besides,the relative errors corresponding to different structural parameters are also given based on the FEM analysis,which provide effective reference for the selection of structural parameters and the appropriate error compensation in the process of measurement.

5 Lossless compression of hyper-spectral interference image based on principal-modulated prediction

LI Jin , JIN Longxu , Lv Zengming , Han Shuangli , WU Yinan , HAO Xianpeng , ZHANG Ranfeng

2013, 36(12):28-35. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.005

[Abstract](1329) [HTML](541) [PDF 9.99 M](1250)

Abstract:
A lossless compression algorithm of hyper-spectral interference image based on principal-modulated prediction is proposed. Hyper-spectral interference images are divided into the space direction and the optical path difference(OPD) direction. In the space direction,a principal component prediction algorithm is used to reduce the inter-frame redundancies. And a modulated component prediction is used to reduce the spectral redundancies in the OPD direction. A two-step prediction algorithm is proposed for the principal component prediction. In the first step of prediction,a four order predictor is used to obtain a prediction reference value. In the second step,an 8-level lookup tables’ prediction algorithm is proposed and used to obtain the real-prediction. Then the final prediction is obtained through comparison between the real value and the reference prediction. A linearity prediction is used to obtain modulation prediction frame in the modulated component prediction. Finally,the final prediction frame is obtained through comparison between the principal component frame and the modulated component prediction frame. And the residual frame is obtained,which is encoded by an entropy coder. The experiments results show that the average compression ratio of proposed compression algorithm is reached to 3.05 bpp. Compared with traditional approaches,the proposed method can improve the average compression ratio by 0.14~2.94 bpp. They effectively improve the lossless compression ratio for hyper-spectral image lossless compression.

6 The harmonic Norton model established conditions of nonlinear load in low voltage distribution system

YONG Jing , WANG Yiping

2013, 36(12):36-42. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.006

[Abstract](1786) [HTML](331) [PDF 8.00 M](1311)

Abstract:
According to the experiments which concern about nonlinear loads in low voltage distribution systems,the voltage crest factor has a crucial effect on the establishment of nonlinear load harmonic Norton model,and it is verified by a large number of measured data. In the low voltage system that voltage waveform presents a flat characteristic,the nonlinear load can be simplified by the Norton model. Experimental and simulation results also show that different reference voltages can lead to different mean values of Norton model parameter which is obtained by fluctuation quantity method. The differences don’t have any effect on harmonic load flow analysis,but it affects the accuracy and credibility of the assessment load harmonic contribution level.

7 The application of image processing technology to microfluidic chip fluid motion detection

CAI Shaoxi , ZHAO Zhenli , ZOU Misha , SONG Zhen

2013, 36(12):43-50. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.007

[Abstract](1908) [HTML](334) [PDF 10.60 M](1372)

Abstract:
A method to detect the fluid motion in microfluidic chip with imagery processing technology is introduced,which solves the problem that the fluid motion can’t be detected with common method. Firstly,with the fact that in flow process the brightness change is the biggest in the edge of tiny tube,the motion trail can be collected with frame difference method. Then this destination area is cropped to further reduce the amount of calculation in later steps. Secondly,repeat several times of open operation and close operation to obtain the images,which has smooth boundary and barely background noise. Thirdly,find all edge pixels of this motion trail image through boundary tracking algorithm and then obtain the motion trail lines with the Hough transform detection approach. At last,with the lines’ length and the motion time,the flow rate can be calculated easily. Furthermore,some characteristics of the flow can also be obtained,such as the shear stress and the viscosity of the fluid. This paper explicitly states this method process combining with a chip that use for viscosity measurement. And the results have high accuracy and good repeatability,which is demonstrated by the data that standard deviation is less than 0.7 and the precision is less than 1/100.

8 Design of PID control algorithm on large diameter tiled-grating

ZHOU Yi , TAN Bo , LIAO Yunfei , LIU Youhai , ZUO Dong

2013, 36(12):51-56. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.008

[Abstract](1608) [HTML](405) [PDF 6.48 M](1293)

Abstract:
To realize the long-time dynamic stability for the tiled-grating control system,a PID algorithm based on the analysis of the four-dimensional degree of freedom mathematical model for the tiled-grating is developed. Two improvements are made in incremental PID algorithm. The latches compensation method is used to avoid saturated loss,and the four-point center difference method is applied to avoid interference. The splicing spot photos of the tiled-grating’s closed-loop control experiments demonstrate that the tiled-grating which employs the improved PID algorithm can acquire a long-time stability as well as the stability can keep one hour.

9 Dynamic characteristics and static response analysis of interval parameters structure

SONG Bihong , LU Ke , CHEN Qing , SHAN Xueli , CHEN Jianhua , CHEN Junbo

2013, 36(12):57-63. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.009

[Abstract](1225) [HTML](444) [PDF 7.04 M](1332)

Abstract:
Determining the interval parameters of structural dynamic characteristics and the extreme value of static response can solve some structural uncertainties. The dynamic characteristics and static response of structures are always closely linked with the parameters. Finding the intrinsic link between them can make the calculation of the dynamic characteristics and the extreme value of interval structure simple and effective. Through function derivation of elastic modulus E and mass density ρ, it can be found that they are related to structural dynamic characteristics and static response. And the dynamic characteristics of trusses are taken as an example to calculate the maximum displacements of loading direction and unloading direction, their parameters are compared and the relation between elastic modulus and the displacement of loading direction are verified.

10 Improved algorithms of modal parameter identification and its application to shaking table frame model test

YANG Youfa , GAN Lin , LI Huaxin , LI Hailong

2013, 36(12):64-69. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.010

[Abstract](1672) [HTML](470) [PDF 7.83 M](1321)

Abstract:
Based on the data-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI), an improved ITD method, an improved STD method and an improved complex index method are put forward. SSI has high identification accuracy, and Hankel matrix orthogonal projection calculation of data can retain all the useful information in the original data and simultaneously remove noise. The data obtained in P-matrix is taken as input for the ITD , STD and complex index methods, and then the three methods would no longer need random decrement technique or NExt method for pre-processing, thereby eliminating the error caused by the two pretreatment methods.The improved methods are applied to the modal parameter identification for structure shaking table test model by using the simulated earthquake response data from Tongji University. The recognition results further prove the correctness and feasibility of the improved methods.

11 Experiments on the asphalt fume suppression agents and properties of asphalt concrete with fume suppression agent

YANG Xiwu , PENG Xuya , ZHANG Xingyu , QIAN Shiling

2013, 36(12):70-78. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.011

[Abstract](1761) [HTML](582) [PDF 7.18 M](1370)

Abstract:
Through lots of screening tests, two fume suppression agents, i.e. SBS and nanometer CaCO3, which can reduce the asphalt fume without affecting the properties of asphalt, are screened from seven additives. The best ratio of two agents for suppressing fume is presented by contrast tests of fume suppression effect, and the fume can be reduced about 30%. The properties of asphalt concrete with fume suppression agents and the mechanism of SBS and nanometer CaCO3 reducing the asphalt fume are investigated. The research findings are useful for reducing the asphalt fume in bad ventilation condition of channel pavement and urban road pavement construction.

12 Field test and deformation controlling for single tunneling lining stability

DU Guoping , LIU Xinrong , LI Xiaohong , YANG Xin , LIU Kun

2013, 36(12):79-85. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.012

[Abstract](4873) [HTML](3959) [PDF 10.20 M](16099)

Abstract:
The construction process of anchor,fiber concrete and its mechanical principle of interaction with surrounding rocks is studied by field tests from the view of researching stability of single layer tunneling lining. The mechanical properties of single layer lining in the practical application of tunnel engineering are measured. On the basis of this study,the mechanism of single layer tunnel lining is discussed,which is finally applied to the engineering practice,formatting a set of theoretical support for the design method of single layer lining. Studies found that close effect between fiber reinforced concrete and rock is well,which shows that the single layer lining design method to ensure quality and safety proposed in this paper is feasible,and construction characteristic of retaining structure is reliable. The method can be widely applied in engineering practice,and has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit.

13 The predictive control of an incremental model based on tracking error

WANG Jifeng , HUANG Jin , YANG Chengzhi , WANG Bin

2013, 36(12):86-91. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.013

[Abstract](2219) [HTML](692) [PDF 5.81 M](1941)

Abstract:
An algorithm of incremental model predictive control is proposed to solve a class of industrial production process real-time tracking problems. The basic idea is to establish a predictive model by adopting speed response on the basis of tracking error, and realize the optimization of the second time performance by using the soft constraint of the increment of control quantity and the online rolling optimization method. The theoretical analysis and Matlab simulation results show that the control algorithm can obtain good tracking performance, smooth dynamic response of the controlled object and strong robustness of the closed-loop system.

14 Framework design of multimedia data parallel management in the informatization of rural areas

LI Zhenghao , ZENG Zhihong , ZENG Xiaoying , SHI Zhenning , FU Shiqing

2013, 36(12):92-97. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.014

[Abstract](1817) [HTML](465) [PDF 5.69 M](1385)

Abstract:
In order to realize the efficient transmission and analysis of multimedia data under TD-SCDMA network, a parallel management framework is proposed. This framework improves the general framework for data management by parallelizing the generation of standardized data and the analysis of original data. It not only reduces the data volume in transmission and analysis, but also fits for parallel optimization. Focusing on image analysis in the informatization of rural areas, the authors introduce the procedures to realize the parallel management framework. As can be seen from experiment results, the data volume of image data is reduced to 1/12 after parallel optimization, and the time cost of analysis is substantially reduced. Thus, it can effectively relax the requirement of the TD-WCDMA transmission bandwidth for multimedia application in the informatization of rural areas.

15 Rear throttle Optimization based on the Hall element

LIU Rongxian , CUI Shouzhi , QIN Yongfa

2013, 36(12):98-102. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.015

[Abstract](1631) [HTML](590) [PDF 5.21 M](1695)

Abstract:
A car rear throttle mounts on rear of the car,it works poor working conditions,Its waterproof, moisture-proof, shock-proof, dust-proof,reliable,longevous and other performance requirements can not meet the use requirements. Through research, a design scheme based on the Programming triaxial Hall element rear throttle is proposed. In view of the rear throttle performance requirements, chose the MELEXIS company’s MLX90316 dual output linear hall element,optimized the mechanical structure and anti-interference circuit of the rear throttle , calculated the data of spring. Made the rotating parts and sensor of the rear pedal independent of each other, no rotor connected to the rotating part in the sensor. The rear pedal’s various performance indicators meet the design requirements.

16 Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-9Li-3Al-xSr alloys

YANG Yan , PENG Xiaodong , LI Junchen , XIE Weidong , WEI Guobing , WEI Qunyi

2013, 36(12):103-110. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.016

[Abstract](1542) [HTML](317) [PDF 10.07 M](1491)

Abstract:
The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-9Li-3Al-xSr (LA93-xSr, x=0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 wt%) alloys are investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM and mechanical property test. The influence of Sr content on microstructure and mechanical properties the extruded alloys is discussed. The results show that LA93-xSr alloys contain both α-Mg (hcp) and β-Li (bcc) matrix phases. The effect of Sr on the grain size of the extruded alloys is not significant. The addition of Sr leads to the formation of intermetallic compound (Al4Sr), which is mainly distributed along the α/β interface and appears fibrous structure along the extrusion direction. The mechanical properties of alloys initially enhance and then decrease while the elongation declines with the increase of Sr content. When Sr addition is 2.5wt%, the extruded Mg-9Li-3Al-2.5Sr (LAJ932) alloy exhibits a favorable combination of strength and ductility with an ultimate tensile strength of 235.2 MPa, yield strength of 220.6 MPa and an elongation of 19.4%. Microstructure evolution during extrusion is governed by deformation induced grain refinement in the α-Mg phase whereas dynamic recrystallization occurs in the β-Li phase.

17 Single sample face recognition based on B-spline and image gradient

FANG Weitao , WU Fan

2013, 36(12):111-116. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2013.12.017

[Abstract](1486) [HTML](367) [PDF 5.53 M](1210)

Abstract:
A single sample face recognition algorithm based on B-spline and image gradient is proposed. Image gradient method for face recognition has advantage of illumination invariant. But the recognition rate will be greatly decreased when the image contains noise which will seriously influence gradient information. Traditional methods to reduce noise smooth image at the same time and image gradient reorganization rate will be reduced. As the B-spline filter has the feature which can adjust the order, B-spline filter with different orders can be selected according to the image noise value to minimize noise while preserve image gradient information. Experiments prove that using B-spline and image gradient algorithm can achieve a better recognition rate than traditional filtering method on single sample face recognition problem.

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