Volume 42,Issue 8,2019 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Dynamic control method of tractor powershift process based on genetic algorithm
    SUN Dongye CHEN Xudong LI Baogang YANG Biao
    2019, 42(8):1-14. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.001
    [Abstract](835) [HTML](506) [PDF 9.40 M](1369)
    Abstract:
    When the tractor is under heavy-duty operation, the engine is operating at full throttle and in speed regulation the torque of the engine will change during the shifting process, causing sudden change of torque when clutch engages. Aiming at the solution of the problem of shifting gears under complex operation, the oil pressure control method of clutch synchronnization phase is proposed. The tractor's operating characteristics and power shift quality requirements are fully taken into account and the changes of vehicle speed, impact degree and sliding friction work are used as evaluation indicators. The genetic algorithm is used to analyze and design the power shift process of the tractor. The results show that all indicators of gear shifting process come up to the standard and the control method is correct and feasible.
    2  Development of three directional cutting force experimental device
    YI Lili WANG Sibao CHEN Guocong
    2019, 42(8):15-21. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.002
    [Abstract](756) [HTML](570) [PDF 4.57 M](1283)
    Abstract:
    Measurement of three directional cutting force has important guiding significance to the understanding of mechanical manufacturing, metal cutting theory and machine tool design. As the main disadvantages of experimental devices for cutting force measurement in existing markets are their high cost, complex assembly and single-function, a new three directional cutting force experimental device is developed in this study which measures the micro-distortion of strain gauge caused by the desired cutting force. By elaborately arranging the strain gauge, the measured micro-distortion will be transformed into voltage or current signals. By three direction electrical calibration and mechanical calibration, the response coefficients between a directional output of the three directional force sensor and the directional load is determined, thus forming a stable measuring system for cutting force test, and the micro-distortion measured by proposed device and desired cutting force will be obtained. The developed cutting force experimental software can be used for single-factor cutting force experiments, orthogonal cutting force experiments, and free cutting force study. This device now has found wide application in many universities at home.
    3  Flow and acoustic characteristics analysis of two-chamber type dual-mode mufflers
    KANG Zhuohua HE Yansong XU Zhongming ZHANG Zhifei
    2019, 42(8):22-29. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.003
    [Abstract](688) [HTML](594) [PDF 10.03 M](1094)
    Abstract:
    Dual-mode muffler is a semi-active noise control device which can effectively reduce pressure drop and regenerative noise. Internal flow and noise attenuation principle of dual-mode muffler require in-depth analysis. Through flow field simulation, the reason why that dual-mode muffler can effectively reduce pressure drop is found and the structure is improved accordingly, reducing turbulent energy and pressure drop further. Resonance frequency is obtained by acoustic simulation when the valve is closed, which coincides with the calculation result of Helmholtz formula, proving that the effect of low frequency muffling comes from Helmholtz resonator. The principle of noise attenuation at low frequency is analyzed when the valve is open and it is concluded that the resonance frequency of the muffler shifts to the right after the valve is opened, by which the exhaust noise at different rotating speeds can be tracked.
    4  Design and optimization of carbon fiber rim structure of Formula SAE racing car
    YAN Zeyuan GUO Wei LU Yani HAO Liyan ZHU Pengyu
    2019, 42(8):30-38. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.004
    [Abstract](963) [HTML](668) [PDF 21.32 M](913)
    Abstract:
    The lightweight design of the Formula SAE racing rim is important for reducing unsprung mass and improving the performance of the car. In this paper, the finite element method is used to study the lightweight design of carbon fiber rims of Formula SAE racing car. The spoke structure is explored to find higher stiffness, and multi-step optimization of the laminates structure under multiple operating conditions is implemented to reduce weight. The analysis shows that the rim with oblique spoke design have better stiffness than the straight spoke rim. The optimization of carbon fiber laminate thickness is an effective method to achieve lightweight, and the weight of the improved rim is reduced by 56% compared with that of the original aluminum alloy rim. The structural optimization of the rim can reduce the maximum stress and strain of the material, while increasing the wheel stiffness by 35% and reducing the failure factor by 8.1%.
    5  Transformer-oil filtration properties of fluorinated nonwoven polypropylene electret films
    WANG Feipeng WAN Chunxiang MU Peng LI Jian HUANG Zhengyong HUANG Jingliang
    2019, 42(8):39-49. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.005
    [Abstract](800) [HTML](736) [PDF 8.54 M](1335)
    Abstract:
    The insulation property of transformer oil is a critical factor affecting the safe operation of power equipment. The nonwoven polypropylene (PP) electret films used for purification of transformer oil were treated by fluorination and DC corona charging, and the oil filtration properties were investigated. The results show that the C-H bonds in polypropylene can be replaced by C-F bonds during fluorination process and the mean diameter of fibers decreases while the roughness of the fibers increases, which represents the super-hydrophobicity. When the fluorinated PP films were corona charged and applied to transformer oil filtration, it was observed that the aged oil filtered by the modified films got a better recovery of insulation properties in comparison to that of oil filtered by original PP films. There was a great increase in the breakdown voltage. Furthermore, the content of moisture, the relative dielectric permittivity and loss factor decreased significantly.
    6  Adsorption of both CO and Cl2 on TiO2(110) surface
    SHI Shengyun WEN Liangying CAO Jiao YANG Fan XU Jian ZHANG Shengfu YANG Zhongqing HAN Dongsheng
    2019, 42(8):50-58. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.006
    [Abstract](637) [HTML](953) [PDF 16.51 M](831)
    Abstract:
    The first principle calculation based on density functional theory(DFT) is used in this paper to investigate the adsorption behavior of CO and Cl2 on TiO2(110) surface. The behavioral mechanism of the co-adsorption of CO and Cl2 on the TiO2 (110) surface is revealed by the calculation of the adsorption structure, adsorption energy, charge density and density of states (DOS) of the system. The adsorption of both CO and Cl2 on the TiO2(110) surface was mutually reinforcing, and the average adsorption energy was -1.367 4 eV, and Cl2 could be captured by the surface Ti atom, the sd3 orbital hybridization happening on the surface Ti(5c) atom. When the adsorption reaction occurred, a transient electron flow CO→TiO2(110)→Cl was formed on the surface. The DOS showed that the strength of Ti-O bond on (110) surface was weakened, indicating that the presence of CO has a promoting effect on the chlorination of TiO2. Meanwhile, the surface O atoms was activated and the average energy of 1.418 6 eV was released as the dissociation of this O atom with CO from the surface to form CO2 molecules, which destroyed the structure of TiO2(110) and provided a good adsorption site for the next Cl2 molecules.
    7  Basic properties and sintering performance of PMC vanadium titanium concentrate of South Africa
    WANG Tianxiong DING Chengyi ZHAO Wei YOU Zhixiong
    2019, 42(8):59-66. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.007
    [Abstract](690) [HTML](669) [PDF 10.33 M](962)
    Abstract:
    The purpose of this paper is to study the physicochemical properties of PMC vanadium-titanium magnetite in South Africa, and reveal the effect of PMC concentrate on the sintering performances. The chemical and phase composition, size distribution and particle morphology were investigated by chemical analysis, XRD, LPSA and SEM-EDS, respectively. After that, sintering pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of PMC concentrate on the utilization factor, tumbler index and solid fuel consumption. The mechanism was clarified by investigating the microstructure of finished sinter. The results reveal that the iron content is as high as 63.460% while gangue content is low, which is of great value to the utilization. The main phase is magnetite and the fraction of particles not smaller than 74 μm is close to 70%. The sintering pot test shows that the utilization and strength is deteriorated obviously after adding 10% PMC concentrate, and the solid fuel consumption increased correspondingly. This is mainly attributed to the relative poor sintering performance of PMC concentrate, which affects the generation of liquid phase during sintering process. As a result, the strength of finished sinter is influenced. Worse still, the formation of perovskite destroys the bonding effect of the liquid phase as well as the microstructure of sinter.
    8  Microstructure and texture evolution of commercial pure titanium sheet during cold rolling and annealing
    WU Jiaxin WANG Ying Adrien CHAPUIS HE Weijun LUAN Baifeng LIU Qing
    2019, 42(8):67-73. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.008
    [Abstract](832) [HTML](783) [PDF 30.32 M](1208)
    Abstract:
    The effects of cold rolling process and interannealing on the microstructure and texture evolution of commercial pure titanium sheets are studied by advanced electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Through comparing the EBSD orientation distribution, orientation difference angle distribution and pole diagram of samples with different primary cold rolling deformation after annealing and secondary cold rolling, it is known that the twins produced by first cold rolling process have an important effect on the grain size and orientation (texture) of annealed recrystallized grains, which proceeds to affect the deformation structure and texture characteristics of secondary cold rolling, and the formation of deformation twins in secondary cold rolling is restrained to a certain extent. The twin fraction increases first and then decreases with the increasement of rolling deformation. At the same time, the {0001} basal texture component in secondary cold rolling decreases.
    9  Tensile properties of a new nickel-based single crystal superalloy
    JIANG Hua GUO Yuanyuan LU Yu CHEN Hao
    2019, 42(8):74-78. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.009
    [Abstract](543) [HTML](518) [PDF 10.60 M](1754)
    Abstract:
    The tensile properties and fracture modes of a new nickel-based single crystal superalloy were investigated. Tensile specimens were prepared from the single-crystal with[001] orientation, whose growth direction was parallel to the loading axis in tension. The fractograph was examined by means of scanning electron microscope. The results show that the tensile and yield strength increased first and then decreased with the test temperature increasing, and they reached the peak values at 760℃ and 850℃ respectively, while the elongation and the area reduction decreased gradually from room temperature to 760℃ and then they increased rapidly at temperatures above 760℃. At 850℃, the elongation attained a maximum and then dropped gradually with a rise of temperature up to 960℃. The deformation mechanism of the alloy was transformed from semi-brittleness into plasticity, which happens at 980℃.
    10  Experimental analysis on the characteristics of gas migration extracted by parallel boreholes under different stress conditions
    PENG Shoujian JIA Li XU Jiang ZHANG Chaoling GUO Shichao
    2019, 42(8):79-89. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.06.010
    [Abstract](640) [HTML](360) [PDF 18.98 M](827)
    Abstract:
    With using the independently developed "multi-field coupling coalbed methane recovery physical simulation test system", physical simulation tests by parallel borehole gas drainage under different stress levels are carried out. The results are as follows:1) In parallel borehole gas extraction, the pressure drop curve slope in the early stage was large, while in the middle and late stage it was relatively small. The gas desorption rate between adjacent extraction pipes was faster than that of the boundary extraction pipe, and was parallel at any time. The change of pressure in the direction of vertical pumping pipe was symmetrical about the pumping pipe. The closer to the pumping stage of the pumping pipe, the faster the gas desorption rate, which was not related to the distance between the connection sections of the pumping pipe; 2) In the process of gas drainage, with stress increasing, gas desorption rate slowed down, pressure drop funnel shrank, and gas desorption area became smaller. Stress influenced the elimination of outburst hazardous areas, and the difference it brought about was not obvious at first, but with the increase of it, the scope of eliminating the conflict gradually decreased; 3) In the process of gas drainage, instantaneous flow rate evolution over time can be divided into three stages:rapid increase, rapid decay and limit extraction, and with the increase of stress, instantaneous flow peak value decreased, and its attenuation rate slowed down. The cumulative flow of gas was reduced, and its growth rate slowed down, resulting in reduction of extraction efficiency.
    11  Mineralization characteristics of uranium deposits and the controlling factors in Xinkaitian, Huidong County
    WANG Zhanyong SUN Zexuan SUN Yue LIU Xiulin XIANG Jie ZHANG Ji DENG Zulin
    2019, 42(8):90-98. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.011
    [Abstract](500) [HTML](612) [PDF 14.89 M](893)
    Abstract:
    Xinkaitian area is located in the eastern margin of the central Kangdian Axis. Four uranium mineralization points in Dongguoping, Pingjie, Zhongliangzi and Dayandong, and a lot of abnormal points have been found.Special geological survey, ground gamma spectrometry survey, trough exploration and pit tunnel exposure, sample analysis and other work were carried out in this area, and in combination with typical uranium mineralization of Zhongliangzi and Pingjie village, the characteristics of uranium mineralization in this area were analyzed. The results show that the carbonaceous slate and carbonaceous phyllite in the Heishan formation and Qinglongshan formation are the main ore-bearing horizons(average uranium contentis 7.5×10-6 to 7.9×10-6);Laojiezi fault and its secondary faults are the controlling structure of the from area;the hydrothermal alteration related to mineralizationare developed, such as silicification, sericitization and chlorolization. The authors think that uranium mineralization is controlled by stratum and lithology,structure,hydrothermal alteration, and with the rich mineralization information in the zone between the Laojiezi fault and Damayao fault and good magmatic, tectonic and hydrothemal conditions, the area should be the most advantageous metallogenic section in Xinkaitian area and the key area for future prospecting.
    12  Burst identification of water distribution system using adaptive Kalman filter
    YAN Tao DU Kun LI Xiansheng ZHOU Ming SONG Zhigang DU Yu
    2019, 42(8):99-106. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2019.08.012
    [Abstract](739) [HTML](408) [PDF 5.85 M](1116)
    Abstract:
    The pipe burst of water distribution systems (WDSs) can be alarmed on-line according to the abnormal change of measurements of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA) system. However, due to the periodic variation and random fluctuation of the water consumption, as well as the measurement errors, it is often hard to alarm the burst with small discharge in practice. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method for burst alarming of WDSs based on adaptive Kalman filter, by which the historical data are first decomposed according to periodic variation of water consumption, and then the adaptive Kalman filter combined with the average low pass filter are used to estimate the water supply real-timely, finally the burst is alarmed and its discharge is estimated based on the difference between the measurements and the estimates. The test results from simulation data and real measurements indicate the proposed method is valid for burst alarming in practical application, and the accuracy of burst alarming is about 9% of the maximum hour water consumption. The accuracy of the burst alarming depends mainly on the random fluctuation of the water consumption itself, and is also related to the sampling frequency of measurements.

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